HEALTH BEHAVIOR HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH PROMOTION Theories Practice

HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH PROMOTION Theories, Practice & Research RST- FK-UWKS, 2014 1

HEALTH BEHAVIOUR THEORIES Behavior (B) f (K. A. P) K & A: covert behaviour ATTITUDES : = 1. Cognitive aspect 2. Affective aspect 3. Conative aspect (Psychomotor). PRACTICES: Overt behavior 2

CHANGES to BLOOM’S A NEW VERSION of the Cognitive Taxonomy 2001 1956 NOUN 1956 • EVALUATION NOUN 1 956 • SYNTHESIS • CREATE • EVALUATE • ANALYSIS • ANALYZE • APPLICATION COMPREHENSI ON KNOWLEDGE • APPLY • COMPREHENSION • KNOWLEDGE COMPR EHENSI ON • UNDERSTAND KNOWL EDGE • REMEMBER to Verb Form NOUN Taksonomi Bloom, sumber Wilson 2006 3

THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM), COMPONENTS & LINKAGES Modifying factors Individual PERCEPTION Age, sex, ethnicity Personality Socioeconomics Knowledge Attitude, Culture (values, Norms) Perceived Susceptibility/ Severity of disease Perceived threat of disease Likelihood to action Cues to action: - Education - Symptoms, illness - Media information Likelihood of Behavior change Perceived benefits Minus Perceived barriers to behavior change 4

KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF HBM Perceived susceptibility: one’s opinion of chances of getting a condition Perceived severity: one’s opinion of how serious a condition and its sequelae are Perceived barriers: one’s opinion of tangible & psychological costs of advised action Perceived benefits: one’s opinion of the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact. Cues to action: Strategies to activate one’s “readiness” Self-efficacy: One’s confidence in one’s ability to take action 5

PRECEDE- PROCEED FRAMEWORK OF HP-PLANNING ( L. W. GREEN & KREUTER, 2000) Phase 5 HEALTH PROMOTION Health EDUCATION Phase 4 Phase 3 PREDISPOSING factors Phase 2 Phase 1 PRECEDE REINFORCING factors BEHAVIOR & Lifestyle Quality Of LIFE HEALTH POLICY Regulation group Phase 6 ENABLING factors Phase 7 ENVIRONMENT Phase 9 Phase 8 PROCEED 6

HEALTH BEHAVIOR = F (P R E. E N. R E. ) ( L. W. GREEN). PREDISPOSING FACTORS: § NORMS, VALUES, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SOCIOECONOMICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ENABLING FACTORS: § COMPETENCY—HARD SKILL , SOFT SKILL, HEALTH FACILITY ( Availability, Acessability, Acceptability, Affordability). REINFORCING FACTORS: § Health Providers, Community/ spiritual Leaders, Peers, Husband / Wife/ Child – Children). 7

Hygiene-Motivation Factors (F. Herzberg) ) (Two-factor theory) Motivation factors: adalah faktor pekerjaan yang keberadaannya dapat menimbulkan kepuasan Hygiene factors: adalah faktor lingkungan kerja yang ketidak-beradaannya dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan.

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F. Herzberg) ) Faktor penentu kepuasan: (Motivation factors) § Achievement. (Prestasi) § Recognition. (Pengakuan) § Work itself. (Sifat Pekerjaan) § Responsibility. (Tanggung Jawab) § Advancement. (Kemajuan/ Promosi/Pengembangan )

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F. Herzberg) Penyebab ketidakpuasan: (Hygiene factors) § Policy (Kebijakan) § Salary (Gaji) § Working conditions (Kondisi pekerjaan) § Interpersonal relations (Hubungan antar individu) § Supervision (Pengawasan)

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS (MASLOW) SELF ACTUALIZ ATION SELF ESTEEM SAFETY BIOPHYSIOLOGICAL 11

ADOPTION & DIFFUSION OF INOVATION PROCESS IN THE COMMUNITY FK-UWKS-2014 12

ADOPTION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1971) • A • I • E • T • A WARENESS NTEREST VALUATION RIAL DOPTION 13

STAGES IN THE INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1983). 1. 2. 3. 4. K P D I NOWLEDGE ERSUASION ECISION MPLE MENTATION 5. C ONFIRMATION 14

STAGES IN THE INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (ROGERS ET AL, 1983). Communication Channels PRIOR KNOWLEDGE CONDITION 1. Previous practice 2. Felt needs /problems Charact. Of 3. Innovativene the Decision ss making unit: 4. Norms of the 1. Soc—econ, soc. syastem 2. Personality 3. Communcati on behavior PERSUASION Perceived Charact of the Innovation: 1 Relative advantage 2. Compatibility 3. Complexity 4. Trialability 5. Observability DECISION 1. Adoption 2. Rejection Cont’d 1 5

STAGES in the INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS COMMUNICATION CHANNELS III. DECISION Adoption Rejection IV. IMPLEMENTATION V. CONFIRMATION Continued Adoption Later Adoption Discontinuance Continued Rejection 16

ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION & THEIR RATE OF ADOPTION 1. RELATIVE ADVANTAGE 2. COMPATIBILITY 3. COMPLEXITY 4. TRIALABILITY 5. OBSERVABILITY RELATIVE ADVANTAGE v Economic. Aspect v Status aspect v Effect of Incentive s COMPATIBILITY: with Ø Values & beliefs Ø Needs Ø Rate of Adoption Ø Positioning of innovation 17

ADOPTER CATEGORIES AS IDEAL TYPES 1. INNOVATORS : Venturesome 2. EARLY ADOPTERS : Respectable 3. EARLY MAJORITY : Deliberate 4. LATE MAJORITY : Skeptical 5. LAGGARDS : Traditional 18

DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. GLANZ, KAREN, FRANCES MARCUS LEWIS, BARBARA K. RIMER editors, 1997. HEALTH BEHAVIOR & HEALTH EDUCATION. Theory, Research, and Practice, 2 nd ed. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San franscisco 2. Rogers, Everett M, 1983. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, 3 rd ed. The Free Press NY& Collier Macmillan Publishers. London. 19