Health and Wellness Chapter 1 Sport Books Publisher

Health and Wellness Chapter 1 Sport Books Publisher 1

Definitions and Dimensions of Health Sport Books Publisher 2

Definitions of Health is the “capacity to lead a satisfying life, fulfill ambitions, and accommodate to change” (Ottawa Charter, World Health Organization, 1986). n Health is: • • • Specific to person’s life -- it is personal Dynamic, ever-changing process Holistic, not simply the absence of disease Related to quality of someone’s life Multidimensional Related to person’s ability to cope with the challenge of change Sport Books Publisher 3

Dimensions of Health n Health is multidimensional. The following are the dimensions of health: Physical Environmental Social Spiritual Sport Books Publisher Mental Emotional 4

Dimensions of Health n These dimensions are interdependent i. e. , they interact and overlap with each other to produce health Physical Social Environmental HEALTH Mental Spiritual Emotional Sport Books Publisher 5

Dimensions of Health n As these dimensions interact they produce a unique health and wellness profile for each individual. Physical Environmental Social Spiritual Mental Emotional Sport Books Publisher 6

Physical dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with issues pertaining to the physical body Emotional dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with the ability to express emotions appropriately; cope with conflict, stress, and change in a healthy way; and enjoy life; sometimes referred to as the psychological dimension of health Spiritual dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with values— beliefs about what is important Sport Books Publisher 7

Social dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with the ability to relate well to others Intellectual dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with issues involving lifelong learning Vocational dimension of health: the aspect of health that deals with preparing for and engaging in work that provides personal satisfaction and enrichment Sport Books Publisher 8

Health and Wellness in Adolescence Health and wellness is related to person’s ability to cope with the many interactions and transitions that are occurring in his/her life. n Transitions specific to adolescence include: n – – Increase in responsibilities Increase industry Intensification of relationships Changes in body structure Sport Books Publisher 9

Health and Wellness in Adolescence n Dimensions of health that focus on transition fall under three headings: – Being, e. g. Who am I? Who am I becoming as a person? – Belonging, e. g. To what groups do I connect with in a sense of belonging? – Becoming, e. g. What accomplishments am I striving for? Sport Books Publisher 10

12 DETERMINATES OF HEALTH http: //www. phac-aspc. gc. ca/ph-sp/determinants-eng. php#income n 1. Income and Social Status n 2. Social Support and Networks n 3. Education and Literacy n 4. Employment/Working Conditions n 5. Social Environment n 6. Physical Environments Sport Books Publisher 11

n 7. Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills n 8. Healthy Child Development n 9. Biology and Genetic Endowment n 10. Health Services n 11. Gender n 12. Culture Sport Books Publisher 12

Why Properly Wash Your Hands? n Good hand washing is the first line of defense against the spread of many illnesses, from the common cold to more serious illnesses such as meningitis, influenza, hepatitis A, and most types of infectious diarrhea. By washing your hands you are not only protecting yourself from the contraction of these germs but you are preventing the spread of germs and viruses. Sport Books Publisher 13

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Hand Sanitizer n Hand sanitizers are another option when access to soap and water for hand washing is not available. Alcoholbased hand rubs come in liquid, gel and foam forms and there is no reported difference in the effectiveness of each form as long as they have adequate alcohol content (+60%) Sport Books Publisher 15

n The recommended procedure for applying alcoholbased hand rub is: 1. Roll up long sleeves and push up or remove wrist watch 2. Wash hands with soap and available water if hands are visibly dirty (e. g. , contaminated with dirt, oil, blood, body fluids, etc. ), and dry hands completely after washing as wet hands will dilute the alcohol 3. Place enough alcohol-based hand rub into the cupped palm of one hand, sufficient to wet both hands completely 4. Rub the liquid into the palms, backs of hands, between fingers and under nails, and if a ring is worn, on and under the ring Sport Books Publisher 16

Planes of the Body i) Transverse (Horizontal) Plane ii) Frontal Plane iii) Sagittal Plane Figure 7 -4 b OH 3 -9

Anatomical Position Sport Books Publisher 18

n. Description – Standing erect – Facing forward – Arms hanging at the sides – Palms facing forward and the thumbs outward – Legs straight – Heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other The starting reference point for describing the human body n It is universally accepted n It is used in all anatomical descriptions n Sport Books Publisher 19

Anatomy – Terms of movement n When describing human movement there is an anatomical “starting point” – the anatomical position. In this position all joints are considered to be in a neutral position, or 0 degrees, with no movement having occurred

Directional Terms Sport Books Publisher 21

Reminder: All directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position. Sport Books Publisher 22

n Midl ine Lateral-Medial – Lateral – Away from the midline of the body – Medial – Towards the midline – E. g. , Your ears are lateral to your cheeks and your cheeks are medial to your ears Sport Books Publisher Lateral Medial 23

n Distal-Proximal – Distal – Further from some specified region – Proximal – Closer to some specified region – E. g. , With respect to trunk, the hands are distal to the arms and the arms are proximal to the hands. – E. g. , With respect to nerves and blood vessels, proximal also means "toward the origin" and distal means "away from the origin". – E. g. , Colon is the distal portion and stomach is the proximal portion of the digestive tube Sport Books Publisher Thigh is proximal to the leg Leg is distal to the thigh Leg is proximal to the foot Foot is distal to the leg 24

n Anterior-Posterior Anterior Skeleton Posterior Skeleton – Anterior – In front of or front of your body – Posterior – Behind or back of your body – E. g. , Your lips are anterior to your teeth and your teeth are posterior to your lips – E. g. , In the anatomical position, your palms are facing the anterior of your body Sport Books Publisher 25

n Superior-Inferior – Superior – Above – Inferior – Below – E. g. , Your lips are superior to your chin and your chin is inferior to your lips Sport Books Publisher The collar bone is superior to The hip the rib bone is cage inferior to the rib cage 26

n Supine – Lying on the back – E. g. , when performing a bench press n Prone – Lying face down – E. g. , when preparing to perform a push-up Sport Books Publisher 27

Abduction: think! To abduct means to take away. Anatomy – Terms of movement n Abduction: Movement away from the midline of the body n Adduction: Movement towards the midline of the body

Anatomy –Terms of movement n Flexion: Decrease the angle formed by bones of the joint n Extension: Increasing of the joint angle. Returning a joint in flexion to the anatomical positions is considered extension

Anatomy –Terms of movement Dorsiflexion: Raising the to the shin n Plantarflexion: Pointing the toe downward. n

Anatomy – Terms of movement Rotation: n Medial – towards the midline (internal) n Lateral – away from the midline (external) n

Anatomy – Terms of movement Supination: n Rotation of the palm so it faces upward n Pronation: n Rotation of the palm so it faces downward n

Anatomy – Terms of movement n Inversion: sole of the foot turns inwards n Eversion: sole of the foot turns outwards

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Type of joint movement: • Flexion- bent knee • Extension- extend knee • Hyperextension- bring leg back • Dorsi flexion- heal • Plantar flexion- toe • Abduction- leg out • Adduction-leg in • Rotation- twisting • Circumduction- circular motion • Supination- palm up • Pronation- palm down • Eversion- foot out • Inversion- foot in • Protraction- chin forward • Retraction- chin back • Elevation- shoulders up • Depression- shoulders down

Three Contraction Types Type AKA Concentric Positive Angle @ Joint Decreases Shortens Eccentric Negative Increases Isometric Static Muscle Strength Weakest Lengthens Strongest No change Middle Force > Resistance < Resistance = Resistance

Static Contraction n Muscle tension or internal force exerted against an external load n Internal force is equal to, or weaker than, the external load n No visible movement of the external load occurs Sport Books Publisher 37

Static Contraction n In most sports, the need for maximal static contraction is rare n Maximal static contraction is most often seen in gymnastics, wrestling, and judo Sport Books Publisher 38

Activities Requiring Maximal Static Muscle Tension Sport Books Publisher 39

Static Contraction n Most sports require low to sub- maximal static contraction n Examples of sports that require this type of contraction include sail-boarding, alpine skiing, and shooting events Sport Books Publisher 40

Activities Requiring Sub-Maximal Static Muscle Tension Sport Books Publisher 41

Dynamic Contraction n Muscle tension or force is exerted against an external load n Internal force exerted is greater than the external load n Visible movement of the external load occurs Sport Books Publisher 42

Isometric Contraction n A static contraction n Muscle contraction against an external force n No visible change in muscle length n External load is greater than the force generated by the internal force n No external movement occurs n No work is performed because no movement occurs n A high amount of tension is developed, energy is used Sport Books Publisher 43

Pushing against a stable wall is an example of an isometric contraction Sport Books Publisher 44

Health and Wellness: A Personal Journey Sport Books Publisher 45

Achievement of Health and Wellness n Not a single event, it is an ongoing process n Making healthy choices (e. g. , good nutrition) are important guidelines to consider vs. Sport Books Publisher 46

Achievement of Health and Wellness Ultimately, it is up to each individual to choose what combination of healthy choices create a healthy balance for them n Remember, do things in moderation. Too much or too little of anything is a potential problem n – E. g. Too little exercise=poor cardiovascular health Too much exercise=weakened immune system Sport Books Publisher 47

Approaches to Health and Wellness n Reactive or curative approach – Worrying about your health only when sick. Not asserting control over your health in the absence of disease. – Chris’ approach: “If your sick, take a few pills; otherwise, have fun and enjoy yourself! I’ll quit smoking later. ” – Example: Sport Books Publisher 48

Approaches to Health and Wellness n Proactive approach – Adopting lifestyle habits that, in the long run, will enable you to lead a more healthy life. – Erin’s approach: “I am building for the future. What I do for my body today lays the foundation for a lifetime of involvement in healthy activities. ” – Example: Sport Books Publisher 49

Wellness: Your Personal Responsibility Sport Books Publisher 50

Wellness: Your Personal Responsibility n Wellness is: – Reflected in a way a person chooses to live his or her life – Making informed choices and taking responsibilities for the way we live our lives. n Sense of wellness is influenced by the following factors: Family Media Culture Peers Sport Books Publisher 51

Family Influences on Health and Wellness Sport Books Publisher 52

Positive Family Influences n Family positively influences your health, well-being, and a general sense of satisfaction through: – Education • The advice your parents give you to stay healthy • E. g. “Wear a coat outside or you’ll catch a cold” – Values • Family values can influence lifestyle choices • E. g. Families that value physical activity introduce their children to sports at early age. – Support • E. g. Emotional support during stressful life events • E. g. Financial and mental support to pursue sports that will enable optimal development Sport Books Publisher 53

Negative Family Influences n Alternatively, family can have negative influences on one’s health – E. g. Families that push their children to compete for rewards outside of the physical, mental, social, and spiritual benefits of activity, can cause their children to withdraw prematurely from participating in physical activity – Example: Parent Sideline Rage • Aggressive parents are poor role models for their children Sport Books Publisher 54

Media Influences on Health and Wellness Sport Books Publisher 55

Positive Media Messages n Media messages can be highly motivational: – E. g. Sports coverage in the media has created role models that can motivate children to pursue physical activity Sport Books Publisher 56

Negative Media Messages n Unfortunately, media also has to power to encourage unhealthy choices: – E. g. Commercialization of the body image has distorted interpretation of healthy body Sport Books Publisher 57

Ideal Female Body Image Sport Books Publisher 58

Negative Media Messages n Further, media has distorted interpretation of what it means to be an accomplished performer. • Media coverage has some believe that the pinnacle of achievement comes from beating the competition, being the toughest, and gaining multi-million contracts. • However, wellness is about the journey towards personal improvement and aspiring to achieve your individual potential. Sport Books Publisher 59

It’s Up To You! n In conclusion, images of the sporting life can be motivational or cause unhealthy distortions. n Ultimately, it is up to each individual to judge these images in relation to his or her personal goals and values. Sport Books Publisher 60

Social/Peer Influences on Health and Wellness Sport Books Publisher 61

Social/Peer Influences n Participation in sport comes with social benefits incurred in meeting new people n As we have seen in Chris’ example peer influences can be of negative nature. n Therefore, it is important to: – Choose friends wisely – Resist negative peer pressure Sport Books Publisher 62

Cultural Influences on Health and Wellness Sport Books Publisher 63

Health in North America n Views about health are understood differently across cultures. North Americans tend to think about disease from a scientific point of view. – Western medicine deals largely with treatment of organs and systems, in isolation from the person’s mind and environment. – Increasingly, a more holistic approach is emerging. • E. g. Recognition of the influence of personality on cardiovascular health • E. g. Recognition of the influence of environment on obesity Sport Books Publisher 64

Health In Eastern and Aboriginal Cultures n In many non-western cultures, health has a strong spiritual quality. e. g. , Oriental culture and chi n e. g. , Aboriginal culture and sweat lodge Therefore, disease is understood in terms of individual’s spiritual harmony with oneself and/or his or her environment. Sport Books Publisher 65

Putting It All Together n Health is multidimensional n One must make informed decision that relate to all the various dimensions of health n Perspectives and decisions about health are influenced by family, peers, media, and the culture n The journey towards health is lifelong Sport Books Publisher 66