Health and Illness Objectives At the end of

Health and Illness

Objectives At the end of this presentation students should be able to: Define health, illness, disease, and wellness. Compare and contrast acute illness and chronic illness. Discuss the health and illness indicators. Explain different stages of illness. Identify and discuss models of health and illness. Explain how the human dimensions, basic human needs, and self-concept influence health and illness. Identify different levels of preventive care.

Some people describe health as: Being free from symptoms of disease and pain as much as possible. Being able to be active and to do what they want or must. Being in good spirits most of the time.

Definitions q Health “is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (WHO, 1974). ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﺍﻻﻛﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻧﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ q ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺃﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﺰ )ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ . (1974 q Disease “is a Pathological change in structure &/or function of the body or mind. q. Illness “is the response of person to disease.

High-level wellness model Wellness “is a more active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual, regardless of his or her state of health”. ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ , ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎ . ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ، ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ Wellness is a dynamic process that is ever changing. . ﻵﺨﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ The well person usually has some degree of illness and the ill person usually has some degree of wellness.

Indicator of health and illness The Health Status is associated with several factors : 1 - Health care access 2 - Economic conditions 3 - Social issues 4 - Environmental issues 5 - Cultural practice.

Health indicators (CDC; The center for disease control) o Disease ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ o Morbidity rate ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ o Mortality rate ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎﺕ

SPIRITUAL ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ INTELLECTUAL SOCIOCULTURAL ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL ﺟﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ENVIRONMRNTAL ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ The Human Dimension. All of these interdependent parts compose the whole person

Models of health and illness q. Agent-Host-Environment (Health Belief Model). q Health/Illness Continuum ( ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ Health Promotion Model). q High-Level Wellness Model (Health Promotion Model).

Agent Host Environment The Agent - Host - Environment Triangle

Factors affecting on health and illness 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Physical Dimension Emotional Dimension Intellectual Dimension Environmental Dimension Sociocultural Dimension Spiritual Dimension.

More Basic Human Needs…… Self-concept ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ : incorporates how the person feels about self and the way he/she perceives his/her physical self (self-esteem and body image) ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﺮﻯ : ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺕ . ﻭﻳﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ Has both physical & emotional aspects.

Promoting health preventing illness Risk Factors: Age Genetics Physiologic Health habits ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ Lifestyle ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ Environment.

Acute illness ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩ Generally rapid onset of symptoms. Last only relatively short time.

Stages of illness Illness Behaviors: Stage 1: Experiencing Symptoms Stage 2: Assuming Sick Role Stage 3: Assuming Dependent Role Stage 4: Achieving Recovery & Rehabilitation ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻬﻴﻞ.

Chronic illness ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻦ Physical and mental alterations in health with one or more of the following: Permanent change Causes or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal. Anatomy and Physiology Requires special concern for rehab Requires long period of care or support.

Levels of preventative care ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ 1. Primary preventative care Diet Exercise Drugs 1. Secondary preventive care Skin Cancer Mammograms Family Counseling ﺍﻻﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺮﻯ 1. Tertiary preventative care Medication Medical therapy Physical therapy

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