Health and development There is an interrelationship between

Health and development • There is an interrelationship between each of the dimensions of health and each type of development. • The ways in which people develop are often largely dependent on how healthy they are, just as how healthy people are can have an impact on how they develop. How might engaging in physical activity promote health and development? © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

Health Development Physical Social Emotional Intellectual What types of interactions are there between health and development? As a class, think of some examples. © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

How about this? • Play – Physical: motor skills, coordination – Social: how to interact with others – Emotional: how to laugh, get mad, smile – Intellectual: learning rules, procedures, new skills © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Even solitary play can assist with all types of development. How?

Lifespan health and development • Prenatal – Approximately 40 weeks duration – Germinal, embryonic, foetal stages – Some key terms: what do they mean in the context of this stage? conception morulla implantation umbilical cord placenta fontanelles blastocyst differentiation © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

Physical – Germinal – Embryonic – Foetal © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 What happens in each stage?

• Infancy – Birth to 18 months – Rapid growth and development – Some key terms – what do they mean in the context of this stage? fine motor skills proximodistal gross motor skills bonding socialisation attachment cephalocaudal reflex © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Physical • Social • Emotional • Intellectual © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Give at least one example of each type of development experienced during this stage of the lifespan.

• Childhood – 3– 12 years of age – Slow, steady growth and development – Some key terms – what do they mean in the context of this stage? play growth socialisation tooth development learning food ‘choices’ emotions percentile © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Physical • Social • Emotional • Intellectual © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Give at least one example of each type of development experienced during this stage of the lifespan.

• Adolescence – 12– 18 years of age – Rapid growth and development – Some key terms – what do they mean in the context of this stage? ossification hormones for growth spurt hormones for reproduction puberty socialisation menarche relationships © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Physical (male and female) • Social (male and female) • Emotional (male and female) • Intellectual (male and female) © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Give at least one example of each type of development experienced during this stage of the lifespan.

• Adulthood – 18 years of age and onwards – Rapid growth and development – Some key terms – what do they mean in the context of this stage? career socialisation family sensory acuity relationships menopause education retirement © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Physical (male and female) • Social (male and female) • Emotional (male and female) • Intellectual (male and female) © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Give at least one example of each type of development experienced during this stage of the lifespan.

• Old age – 65+ years of age – Maintenance phase in relation to growth, but some types of development still occurring – Some key terms – what do they mean in the context of this stage? maintenance family osteoporosis socialisation fractures hobbies falls community resource © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Physical • Social • Emotional • Intellectual © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Give at least one example of each type of development experienced during this stage of the lifespan.

Inherited influences on physical development • What are some examples of inherited influences on physical development? – Sex (gender) • How? Examples? – Genetic predisposition to disease? • How? Examples? – Hormonal control of the rate and timing of development • How? Examples? © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

Environmental influences on physical development • What are some examples of environmental influences on physical development? – Family • How? Examples? – Culture • How? Examples? – Socioeconomic Status (SES) • How? Examples? – Physical activity • How? Examples? – Access to healthcare • How? Examples? © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

The role of nutrition in optimising health and development across the lifespan • Nutrients are needed for: – – Soft tissue Hard tissue Blood production Energy production Nutrients are needed particularly during the major ‘rapid growth’ phases, but also at all other stages of the lifespan. © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

Nutrient Interactions • Soft tissue – – – Protein Vitamin C Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin B 12 Water • Hard tissue – – – Calcium Protein Phosphorous Magnesium Vitamin D Vitamin A What specific function(s) to each of these nutrients have? © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

• Blood production – – – – Iron Protein Copper Vitamin C Vitamin E Folate Vitamin B 12 • Energy production – – CHO Protein Fats B group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B 6) – Iron – Iodine What specific function(s) to each of these nutrients have? © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007

SOFT TISSUE Vitamin B 12 Water Vitamin A Protein HARD TISSUE Calcium Phosphorous Magnesium Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin C ENERGY PRODUCTION CHO Fats Iodine © Goodacre, Slattery, Upton 2007 Iron BLOOD FORMATION Copper Folate Vitamin B 12 Vitamin E