Head Injuries Concussions Mandibular Fractures Priscila Pazos Tyler

Head Injuries Concussions & Mandibular Fractures Priscila Pazos & Tyler Knecht

Cerebral Concussion • Anatomy of the Brain

Cerebral Concussions Also known as mild traumatic brain injury [MTBI]

Cerebral Concussion Causes • Contact and collision sports • Direct impact to the head • Falls and motor vehicle accidents • A change in the rotational velocity of the head

Cerebral Concussion Symptoms Somatic: • Headache • Fatigue • Nausea, vomiting • Dizziness • Vertigo, imbalance • Tinnitus, phonophobia • Blurred vision, photophobia • Increased cranial pressure

Cerebral Concussion Symptoms Cognitive: • Unclear thinking, hallucinations • Posttraumatic amnesia • Difficulty speaking and communicating • Changes in sleep patterns Emotional: • Sadness • Emotional changes

Cerebral Concussion Signs Depressed conscious state: • Loss of consciousness, drowsiness Cognitive state: • Confusion, disorientation • Slowed reaction time/verbal responses • Antegrade or retrograde amnesia Physical state: • Seizure • Imbalance, gait Psychological state: • Irritability, emotional lability

Cerebral Concussion Facts/Statistics • Around 200, 000 people in the US suffer concussions from playing sports every year • U. S. ED treat an estimated 173, 285 concussions yearly • 1. 6 to 3 million concussions occur annually in the U. S. • 8. 9% in high school athletes • 5% to 7. 9% in college athletes

Cerebral Concussion Treatment • Immediate removal from play • Analgesics for pain control • No medical therapies • Physical and cognitive rest

Cerebral Concussion Prevention • Crash and sports helmets/protective gear • Buckling seat belt • Access to athletic trainers to facilitate better recognition, reporting and treatment of concussion

Mandibular Fractures • Anatomy of the Mandible

Mandibular Fracture • A mandibular fracture is a common facial injury that is usually a result of direct trauma that breaks the mandibular (jaw) bone

Causes of Mandibular Fracture • The most common causes of direct trauma to the mandible: • Car crashes • Fights • Sports

Signs and Symptoms • Signs and symptoms of a mandibular fracture included: • Localized intense pain • Swelling • Bruising • Possible loss of teeth • Jaw Stiffness • Bleeding • Lump, abnormality, or deformation • Difficulty opening mouth, moving jaw, talking

Treatment for Mandibular Fracture • Treatment for mandibular fractures include: • Soft diet and antibiotics • Rehabilitation • Setting the jaw and wiring it shut • Surgery

Mandibular Fracture Statistics • Account for 36%-70% of all maxillofacial fractures • The 10 th most common fractured bone in the human body • 53% of patients with mandible fractures had unilateral fractures, 37% of the patients had 2 fractures, and 9% had 3 or more fractures.

Mandibular Fracture Statistics (cont. ) • Patients with mandible fractures, 43% of the patients had an associated injury. • Of the 1067 patients studied, 12 (2. 6%) died of their associated injuries before the mandible fracture could be treated

Picture References for Concussions • http: //www. dreamstime. com/stock-photography-anatomy-head-transparantskeleton-image 201232 • http: //www. sadlersports. com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2014/10/Concussion. png • http: //www. athleteslivehere. com/blog/2013/01/the-nfls-battle-for-concussion -awareness/ • http: //www. mayfieldclinic. com/PE-Concussion. htm#. VSg 4 hp. Xwv. IU • http: //content. time. com/time/specials/packages/article/0, 28804, 2043395_204 3506_2043494, 00. html • http: //www. webmd. com/brain/picture-of-the-brain • http: //www. zmescience. com/other/science-abc/health-abc-acetaminophen 040402013/ • http: //www. thinkhealthmag. com/how-rest-and-relaxation-benefits-you/ • http: //kosoris. com/blog/why-sadness-is-so-delicious/ • http: //usaonlinechemist. typepad. com/blog/2015/01/put-an-end-to-recurringdrowsiness-with-modafinil-200 -mg. html • http: //psychcentral. com/disorders/symptoms-of-disruptive-mooddysregulation-disorder/

Picture References for Mandibular Fractures • http: //www. emedicinehealth. com/broken_jaw/article_em. ht m • http: //4. bp. blogspot. com/_Gkxrvtze 9 SA/S 36 o 6 zcs. K 6 I/AAAAAvs/Vmtc. Rc. Gh. Y_E/s 320/Knockout+Punch. jpg • http: //www. miamiherald. com/sports/mlb/miamimarlins/74 kc 0 z/picture 2136436/ALTERNATES/FREE_960/stant on. jpg • http: //i 1. ytimg. com/vi/x. Qu. El. Xh 3 Ngw/maxresdefault. jpg • http: //images. ddccdn. com/enc/images/en/9848. jpg • http: //urbansoule. com/images/6215587948_fc 56 d 97 be 5_o. jp g • http: //assets. nydailynews. com/polopoly_fs/1. 1466100. 13902 26706!/img/http. Image/image. jpg_gen/derivatives/gallery_12 00/sam-gagner-dislocated-jaw. jpg