Head Brain Head 2 Anatomical Groups Face eyes

Head & Brain

Head § 2 Anatomical Groups § Face: eyes, ears, nose, jaw & mouth § Cranium (Skull): brain & spinal cord attachments § Skull consists of multiple facial bones and several bones that make up the cranium

Skull 1. The Skull: A) Frontal B) Parietal C) Occipital D) Temporal E) Sphenoid F) Ethmoid

Facial Bones A Lacrimal B Nasal C Maxilla D Zygomatic E Mandible

Cranium § Collection of bones designed to protect the brain § Frontal Bone-makes up forehead, very strong § Temporal Bone-makes up sides of skull, along temples, weaker and more easily fractured

Cranium § Occipital Bone-makes up back of head § Foramen Magnum-large opening in occipital bone at base of skull through which spinal cord passes § Parietal Bone-lateral bone, largest in skull, protects large portion of brain § All cranial bones are joined at immoveable joints called sutures

Cranium

Brain 1. Three Major Areas: A) Cerebrum- major portion of the brain (83%), largest and most highly evolved part of the brain 1) Divisions: § Left Hemisphere § Right Hemisphere 2) Sub-divisions: “LOBES” § § Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal

Brain B) Brainstem: lowest part of brain which joins with spinal cord, acts as messenger between upper regions of brain and spinal cord, involved in control of life-sustaining functions such as breathing and heartbeat § Consists of the Medulla Oblongata, Pons, and Mid-Brain C) Cerebellum-movement center

Cerebrum n n n Cerebral cortex - gray matter surface Longitudinal fissure separates two hemispheres Corpus callosum - bridge connecting two hemispheres

Cerebrum § Frontal lobe - muscle movement, moods, aggression, smell, motivation, personality, emotions § Parietal lobe - touch, pain, balance, taste, temperature § Temporal lobe - hearing, smell, memory, abstract thought, judgment, language, speech § Occipital lobe - vision

Cerebellum § Butterfly-shaped § Functions § coordinating muscular movements § maintaining posture § maintaining balance

Brainstem § Medulla Oblongata § Connect spinal cord with the brain § Reflex centers

Brainstem § Pons § Connects spinal cord with brain § Helps control breathing § Midbrain § Reflex center § Controls movement of head and eyeball (visual stimuli) § Controls movement of head and trunk (auditory stimuli)

Brain § Meninges-protective membranes covering brain and spinal cord, pad brain from impact § Pia Mater-innermost layer, clings to every surface of brain § Arachnoid-spreads “weblike” over entire brain § Dura Mater-outermost layer

Brain § Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)-clear, colorless fluid within skull further absorbs impact, also carries nutrients to and carries waste from brain cells § Combination of bony skull, protective meninges and CSF protect brain from impact & injury