Head and Neck Muscles Facial muscles Frontalisraises eyebrows
Head and Neck Muscles • Facial muscles • Frontalis—raises eyebrows • Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks • Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips • Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews • Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Head and Neck Muscles • Chewing muscles • Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible • Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Head and Neck Muscles • Neck muscles • Platysma—pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly • Sternocleidomastoid—flexes the neck, rotates the head © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Frontalis Cranial aponeurosis Temporalis Orbicularis oculi Occipitalis Zygomaticus Buccinator Orbicularis oris Masseter Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Platysma © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 16
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Anterior muscles • Pectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerus • Intercostal muscles • External intercostals—raise rib cage during inhalation • Internal intercostals—depress the rib cage to move air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 17 a
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Muscles of the abdominal girdle • Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth, forced breathing) • External oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally • Internal oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and bend it laterally • Transversus abdominis—compresses abdominal © 2012 Pearson contents Education, Inc.
Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis Transversus abdominis Internal oblique External oblique Aponeurosis (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 17 b
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Posterior muscles • Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and stabilizes the scapula • Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus • Erector spinae—back extension • Quadratus lumborum—flexes the spine laterally • Deltoid—arm abduction © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm • Muscles that arise from the shoulder girdle and cross the shoulder joint to insert into the humerus include: • Pectoralis major • Latissimus dorsi • Deltoid © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Occipital bone Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Deltoid Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Humerus Olecranon process of ulna (deep to tendon) Figure 6. 18 a
C 7 T 1 Erector spinae • Iliocostalis • Longissimus • Spinalis Quadratus Iumborum (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 18 b
Muscles of the Upper Limb • Biceps brachii—supinates forearm, flexes elbow • Brachialis—elbow flexion • Brachioradialis—weak muscle; elbow flexion • Triceps brachii—elbow extension (antagonist to biceps brachii) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 17 a
Occipital bone Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Deltoid Triceps brachii Latissimus dorsi (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Humerus Olecranon process of ulna (deep to tendon) Figure 6. 18 a
Muscles of the Upper Limb • Muscles of the forearm, which insert on the hand bones and cause their movement include: • Flexor carpi—wrist flexion • Flexor digitorum—finger flexion • Extensor carpi—wrist extension • Extensor digitorum—finger extension © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Lower Limb • Muscles causing movement at the hip joint include: • Gluteus maximus—hip extension • Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when walking • Iliopsoas—hip flexion, keeps the upper body from falling backward when standing erect • Adductor muscles—adduct the thighs © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Hamstring group Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 a
Posterior superior iliac spine IIiac crest Safe area in gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Sciatic nerve (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 b
12 th thoracic vertebra 12 th rib lliopsoas Iliac crest Psoas major lliacus 5 th lumbar vertebra Anterior superior iliac spine Quadriceps Sartorius Adductor group Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Patellar ligament (c) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 c
Muscles of the Lower Limb • Muscles causing movement at the knee joint • Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee flexion • Biceps femoris • Semimembranosus • Semitendinosus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Hamstring group Semimembranosus Gastrocnemius (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 a
Muscles of the Lower Limb • Muscles causing movement at the knee joint • Sartorius—flexes the thigh • Quadriceps group—extends the knee • Rectus femoris • Vastus muscles (three) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
12 th thoracic vertebra 12 th rib lliopsoas Iliac crest Psoas major lliacus 5 th lumbar vertebra Anterior superior iliac spine Quadriceps Sartorius Adductor group Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Patellar ligament (c) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 c
Inguinal ligament Adductor muscles Sartorius Vastus lateralis (d) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 d
Muscles of the Lower Limb • Muscles causing movement at ankle and foot • Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion, foot inversion • Extensor digitorum longus—toe extension and dorsiflexion of the foot • Fibularis muscles—plantar flexion, foot eversion • Soleus—plantar flexion © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Tibia Soleus Fibularis tertius (a) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 21 a
Gastrocnemius Soleus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Medial malleolus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Lateral malleolus (b) Figure 6. 21 b
Facial • Frontalis Facial • Temporalis • Masseter Shoulder • Trapezius • Deltoid Arm • Triceps brachii • Brachialis Forearm • Brachioradialis • Flexor carpi radialis • Orbicularis oculi • Zygomaticus • Orbicularis oris Neck • Platysma • Sternocleidomastoid Thorax • Pectoralis minor • Pectoralis major • Serratus anterior • Intercostals Abdomen • Rectus abdominis • External oblique • Internal oblique • Transversus abdominis Pelvis/thigh • lliopsoas Thigh • Sartorius • Adductor muscle Thigh (Quadriceps) • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis • Gracilis Leg • Fibularis longus • Extensor digitorum longus • Tibialis anterior Leg • Gastrocnemius • Soleus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 22
Neck • Occipitalis • Sternocleidomastoid • Trapezius Arm • Triceps brachii • Brachialis Forearm • Brachioradialis • Extensor carpi radialis longus • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Extensor digitorum Shoulder/Back • Deltoid • Latissimus dorsi Hip • Gluteus medius • Gluteus maximus lliotibial tract Thigh • Adductor muscle • Hamstrings: Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Leg • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Fibularis longus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 23
Deltoid muscle Humerus © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 19
Posterior superior iliac spine IIiac crest Safe area in gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Sciatic nerve (b) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 b
Inguinal ligament Adductor muscles Sartorius Vastus lateralis (d) © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 6. 20 d
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