he Roaring Twentie 330 Start U S Timeline

he Roaring Twentie

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U. S. Timeline 1920: 19 th Amendment ratified 1921: Federal Highway Act funds national highway system, Sacco and Vanzetti were convicted 1922: Scranton, Pennsylvania coal miners went on strike 1924: Teapot Dome scandal blows up 1925: Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters organized by A. Philip Randolph 1927: Charles Lindbergh made first solo transatlantic flight

Isolationist Policy Causes: • • U. S. exhausted by World War One Wanted to return to normalcy Alarmed by Communist Revolution Some Americans believed post-war labor unrest was caused by socialists and immigrant anarchists Effects: • U. S. wasn’t in support of the League of Nations • Passed high tariffs which reduced international trade • Moved toward political conservatism

Postwar Issues U. S. wants return to normalcy: • Renewed isolationism • Resurgence in nativism • Movement toward conservative politics The Russian Revolution (1917): • Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks set up government that would become the Soviet Union

The Red Scare • “Red Scare” was term used to describe mass hysteria surrounding the fear of Communist activity in the U. S. • Term came from common “nickname” for Communists—”Reds”, because of their loyalty to the Red Soviet Union Flag • Numbers of radicals were small, but still caused uproar -Possibility of governmental control and threat to private property left most U. S. Citizens terrified -Both the public and the Government were sure that

The Red Scare & the KKK • Ku Klux Klan laid low beginning in the 1870’s • They made their presence known again in 1915, and by 1924, had 4. 5 million members • Because of the Klan’s tendency to use racial violence (and also because they attempted to influence elections), there was a major decline in KKK membership by the end of the 1920’s • KKK began using the “Red Scare” as an excuse to harass anyone unlike themselves. • Felt threatened about changes in

Anti Semitism in the 1920 s • LEO FRANK: Jewish Businessman, was lynched in Atlanta in 1915 for a crime he • “The immediate object of the league is to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. Its ultimate purpose is to secure justice and fair treatment to all citizens alike and to put an end forever to unjust and unfair discrimination against and ridicule of any sect or body of citizens. ” – 1913 • ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE FOUNDED, ADL CHARTER October 1913.

The Golden Twenties • Industrial Production rose 30% • GNP rose from $74 Billion in 1922 to $104 Billion in 1929 • Average income rose 1/3 • Henry Ford – Assembly Line • Affordable car for masses

New Technologies: Reshape America • Radio • Movies • Advertising • Automobiles • Mass Culture

The Automobile, Electricity and Housing Industries were the major factors fueling the Economic “Boom” of the 1920 s

Henry Ford: revolutionized manufacturing by mechanizing the assembly line • In 1925 Ford was producing new Model T’s at the rate of one every

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Assembly Line Production

Inadequate Parking & Roads: Apparent by mid 1920 s

Warning Signs of a Stock Market Crash • Gap between rich and poor • 1/3 of all income earned by wealthiest 5% • Bad corporate organization • Looking for quick profit • Weak Banking System • Risky investments • Overproduction • Factory surpluses and farm crop surpluses • Risky foreign loans • Loaned money to Allies

Al Capone: Scarface

The Youth • Carefree • Looked for excitement • Defied parents by smoking • Women • • “Flappers” Short Hair Skirts Makeup • Men • Raccoon hats • Slick hair

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Fun Extras

The New Woman • Flappers • New attitudes, new clothing • Smoking & drinking • The Double Standard • Different standards of sexual freedom fo men and women • Media promotes flappers • In real life many people protested new ideas • Women & the workplace • 10 million women • 24% of the workforce • College graduates • Nurses, teachers, librarians, social workers

Women in 1900 vs. Women in 1920 s

Women arrested for wearing revealing bathing suits in 1922

Flappers

New Woman of 1920 s

Harlem Renaissance • African-American Writers: • Claude Mc. Kay • Urged African-Americans to resist prejudice and discrimination in his poems • Described experience of being black in a world dominated by whites • Langston Hughes • Poems described the difficulty faced by working class African-Americans

Harlem Renaissance • “Jazz Age” • Louis Armstrong • World famous trumpet player & Jazz musician • Duke Ellington • Famous Jazz pianist and composer • Bessie Smith • Famous blues singer • Highest paid black artist in the world

The 1920 s: Jazz Age

Writers: Jazz Age