HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK ASSESSMENT RISK CONTROL OBJECTIVE l
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL
OBJECTIVE l To identify types of Hazard in work area l To make Risk Assessments l To suggest Risk Controls to Organization l To implementing Risk Controls l To review Risk Controls
HIRARC -Planning & Implementation LEGAL ACCIDENT & NEAR MISSES FEEDBACK & COMPLAIN INSPECTION & AUDIT HIRARC SOP INTERNAL POLICY AUDIT ERP SAFETY COMMITTEE TRANING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
OSH-MS (MS 1722: 2003) Key Elements l Policy l Organizing l Planning And Implementation l Measuring Performance l Action for Improvement
Why We Need OSH-MS l Our Organization to be No. 1 l Increase “Return of Investment” - employees, money , time…. . l Safe work place
How To Start l Organization should have vision l Commitment from management - right people - resource - time
How To Start l l l Should have internal audit Management committee to review reports External audit Specific organization policy- hazard specific Employee’s participation - meeting, training Safety as basic training
Why conduct a risk assessment l Human factors–save life, stop workplace injures, illnesses and increase staff morale. l Legal factors–meet legislative requirements, OHS&W and Work. Cover. l Financial factors–decrease the risk of prosecution and fines incurred, lower Work. Coverlevies, reduce absenteeism, increase potential for gaining shareholders and increase productivity.
Hazard Management Process l Identify the hazards l Assess the risks l Evaluate risks l Control the risks l Monitor and review
Introduction to HIRARC l Principles used in workplace to manage safety and health. l Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994: which reads “ the provision and maintenance of plants and systems of work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health”
Definition l Hazard A source or a situation with a potential for harm to humans, property and damage of environment or a combination of these. l Danger Relative exposure to hazard. l Risk A combination of likelihood of occurrence and severity of injury or damage.
Overview Of HIRARC l Definition of Hazards l Classification of Hazards l Potential sources of Hazards l Basic components of Risk Management
The Process of Risk Management Classify Activities (Work, Product, Services) Identify Hazard Assess The Risk Control Review Risk Control
Classification & Potential Sources of Hazards l l l l Classification Example of Hazards Mechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload. Electrical - Insulation damaged or cover broken Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne microorganism. Chemical - Expose to carcinogens chemical Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural postures Psychological- Stress or violent at workplace.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Adequate Access l Refers to adequate access to, from and within the workplace Air Conditioning l Refers to uncontaminated air in the work space Confined Spaces l l Means enclosed work space where people do not normally work (defined in standards) Temperature Extremes: l l a) Heat This includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions) b) Cold This includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia Lighting l Refers to adequate illumination for the particular work being done Mental Stress l Includes bullying, workplace violence, shift work, excessive work loads Dehydration l Adequate water supply for the individuals while working
ENERGY Electrical l Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage Gravity l Includes falls, trips and slips of persons as well as objects falling, working at heights Kinetic Energy: l a) The body hitting objects Hitting objects with part of the body l b) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding falling objects l c) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazard l d) Penetrating objects This includes all objects that can penetrate including needles Vibration l Includes vibration to parts or to the whole body Acoustic/Noise l Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposure Pressure l Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
BIOLOGICAL Biological /Microbiological l Includes bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic or human/animal tissue/fluids blood products
MECHANICAL Vehicles l Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles l (includes fork lifts) Mobile and Fixed Plant l Being caught between, struck by or against plant (defined in legislation) Powered Equipment l Includes electrical or fuel powered equipment, tools and appliances Non-Powered Equipment l Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and equipment
CHEMICAL Flammable l Refers to chemicals which burn Corrosive l Refers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals Toxic l Refers to chemicals which will poison a worker Oxidizers l Refers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, or react readily Compressed Gases l Refers to gases which under high pressure
Hazard Identification l To keep workplace safe and healthy. -employers should make sure there are no hazards to which employees could be exposed. l Employers should look for hazards in advance as part of their risk management plan to prevent potential hazards.
Actions & Recommendations l All related statements should be made l With no cost restrains l Should be reviewed every 4 months l Need management support
Risk Assessment l Is the process of evaluating the risk to safety & health from hazards at work Types - Qualitative - Semi-quantitative - Quantitative
How To Assess Risk 1) Look for the Hazards 2) Decide who might be harmed & how 3) Evaluate the risk and check what is done to prevent it from happening • 4) Record finding • 5) Review assessment and revise it if necessary
Types of Risk Assessment l • • Qualitative - (Use Risk Matrix) -table scales for likelihood and severity Fatality Major injuries Minor injuries First aid or near misses
Types of Risk Assessment l Based on statistic Likelihood l Very likely l Likely l Unlikely l Highly Unlikely
Qualitative Risk Table Likelihood Severity V/Likely Unlikely H/Unlikely Fatality High Medium Major Injuries Minor Injuries High Medium Medium Low Low First Aid/ N/misses
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment l Severity Categories 1. First Aid 2. Less than 4 days M/C 3. More than 4 days M/C 4. Fatality & Permanent Disability
Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment l Likelihood 1. Yearly 2. Monthly 3. Weekly 4. Daily Occurrence
Semi-Quantitative Risk Table LIKELIHOOD S E V E R I T y Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily 1 2 3 4 First Aid 1 1 2 3 4 < 4 Days MC 2 2 4 6 8 > 4 Days MC 3 3 6 9 12 Fatality & Permanent Disability 4 4 8 12 16
Quantitative Risk Assessment l In cases where hazards are numerous and complex eg; Chemical process plant Should have Job Safety Analysis (JSA) - describe job in less than 10 steps - List things that can go wrong - eg; Changing a Car Wheel
Actions & Recommendations l EL- Eliminate l SLSubstitute l ISIsolation l ECEngineering Control l AC Administration Control l PPEPersonal Protection Equipment
Actions & Recommendations Eg; EL - stop work, cover hazard… SL - use other route, other material. . IS - put up temporary barrier, … EC - construct permanent wall, . . AC - put up notice, job rotation, … PPE - gloves, respirator, ……
Thank You
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