HAZARD COMMUNICATION GHS GHS Globally Harmonized System of

HAZARD COMMUNICATION & GHS

GHS • Globally Harmonized System of Classification & Labeling of Chemicals

GHS • A system for standardizing and harmonizing the classification and labeling of chemicals • Defines health, physical and environmental hazards of chemicals • Communicates hazard information, as well as protective measures, on labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS).

GHS • The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals or GHS: • Is an internationally agreed-upon system, created by the United Nations. • It is designed to replace the various classification and labeling standards used in different countries by using consistent criteria ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻭﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ for classification and labeling on a global level.

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires the development and dissemination of such information: Chemical manufacturers and importers are required to evaluate the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import, and prepare labels and safety data sheets to convey ﻧﻘﻞ the hazard information to their downstream customers ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ All employers with hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must have labels and safety data sheets for their exposed workers, and train them to handle the chemicals appropriately.

Worldwide Classification Frequently Different Example: Chemical w/ LD 50 = 260 mg/kg

Reasons For A GHS • Growing international trade. • Different requirements for labeling of chemicals. • Different classifications of identical products in different countries. • Need for an international safety standard.

. Notes: . In the United States (U. S. ): . There are requirements for classification and labeling of chemicals for the: Ø Consumer Product Safety Commission. ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ Ø Department of Transportation (DOT). ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ Ø Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ Ø Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ

Ø The GHS itself is not a regulation or a standard. GHS A set of criteria and provisions that can be incorporated into existing systems, or used to develop new systems. ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻨﻈﻤﺔ . ﺃﻮ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ، ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ Why Was GHS Developed? To provide sound management ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺟﻴﺪﺓ of chemicals that includes a system through which chemical hazards are identified and communicated to all who are potentially exposed

International Mandate ﺍﻟﻮﺻﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ • Adopted in the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), often called the "Earth Summit". ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺽ • It was recognized that an internationally harmonized approach to classification and labeling would provide the foundation for all countries to develop comprehensive national programs to ensure the safe use of chemicals. • This goal later endorsed by several international organizations. • More than a decade of work has gone into the new global system.

GHS History • GHS formally adopted ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ by the UN Committee of Experts - The Transport of Dangerous Goods and GHS in December 2002 • OSHA revised the Hazard Communication Standard, aligning it with the GHS in March 26, 2012 • Estimated to prevent 43 fatalities and 521 injuries & illnesses annually with a net savings of over $507 million a year.

GHS History – The UN Mandate “A globally-harmonized hazard classification and compatible labeling system, including material safety data sheets and easily understandable symbols, should be available, if feasible, by the year 2000. ” The Purple Book

Implementation • Dec 1, 2013: Employers must complete all training regarding new label elements and SDS format. • June 1, 2015: Compliance with all provisions ﺍﺣﻜﺎﻡ for preparation of new labels and SDS by • Dec 1, 2015: Distributors can’t ship containers unless they have a GHS label. • June 1, 2016: Employers given an additional year, to update their Hazard Communication programs or any other workplace signs, if applicable.

Major changes to the Hazard Communication Standard: Ø Hazard classification: Provides specific criteria for classification of health, enviromnment and physical hazards, as well as classification of mixtures. Ø Gives detailed instructions for hazard evaluation. Ø It also establishes both hazard classes and hazard categories. Ø Provides additional information that can be related to the appropriate response to address the hazard.

Labels: Chemical manufacturers and importers will be required to provide a label that includes a harmonized signal word, pictogram, and hazard statement for each hazard class and category. Precautionary statements must also be provided. Safety Data Sheets: Will now have a specified 16 -section format. Information and training: Employers are required to train workers by December 1, 2013 on the new labels elements and safety data sheets format to facilitate recognition and understanding.

Harmonization Principles • Comprehensibility is # 1. ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻮﻝ • Maintain current Worker/User protection. ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ • Cover all chemical Uses & Modes. ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ • All existing systems must change. ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ • May use a step-by-step “Building Block” approach. ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ • Classifications will be Hazards-based, not Riskbased. ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ

Application of GHS Ø Enhance the protection of human health and the environment by providing an internationally comprehensible system Ø Provide a recognized framework to develop regulations for those countries without existing systems Ø Facilitate international trade in chemicals whose hazards have been identified on an international basis Ø Reduce the need for testing and evaluation against multiple classification systems

Benefits Of The GHS Ø To ensure that employers, employees and the public are provided with adequate, practical, reliable and comprehensible information on the hazards of chemicals. Ø Greater awareness of hazards, resulting in safer use of chemicals in the workplace and in the home. Ø Enhances human health, safety and environmental protection. Ø Promotes sound management of chemicals worldwide. Ø Reduces barriers and Facilitates Trade. Ø Reduces costs involved in developing, manufacturing, distributing, and transporting hazardous chemicals.

Governments Benefit • Fewer chemical accidents and incidents. • Lower health care costs. • Improved protection of workers and public from chemical hazards. • Reduce costs and ease coordination for legislation, implementation and monitoring, • Supports improved inter-agency coordination and cooperation.

Companies & Workers Benefit • Safer work environment and transport of chemicals. • Improved employee relations. • Increased compliance with Haz. Com regs. • Minimizing labor and costs. ﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ • Fewer accidents and illnesses. • Improved corporate image and credibility. . ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ

Stakeholders • • A multitude of countries International organizations Stakeholder organizations Domestic Manufacturers & Importers ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻦ

Stakeholders & Other interested Parties ﺍﻷﺨﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﻄﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ Chemical Manufacturers Users/Consumers Trade Associations Federal, State and Local Government • Emergency Responders • • ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ n n n Transporters Unions Consultants Individuals and Others

Interagency Working Group On Harmonization ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ • Formed by 4 key independent regulatory authorities in the US: • OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ • DOT: Department of Transportation. ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ • EPA: The Environmental Protection Agency ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ • CPSC: U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ …Also FDA and Commerce : U S Food and Drug Administration ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ • • •

GHS & Existing Regulations • The specific hazard criteria, classification processes, label elements and SDS requirements within an existing regulation will need to be modified to be consistent with the harmonized elements of the GHS • ALL existing hazard communication systems will need to be changed in order to apply the GHS. • Notes: For example, in the U. S. EPA and OSHA would be expected to require hazard pictograms/symbols on labels.

Classification Ø Classification is the starting point for hazard communication. Ø Involves the identification of the hazard(s) of a chemical or mixture by assigning a category of hazard/danger using defined criteria Ø Chemicals classified based on: the type, the degree and the severity of the hazard it poses. Ø Manufacturers are required to re-evaluate chemicals according to the new criteria to make sure they are classified.

Hazard Classes Ø 16 classes of physical hazards. Ø 10 classes of health hazards. Ø 3 classes of environmental hazards. Hazard classes are subdivided into categories of hazard. Example Carcinogenicity: 1 – known or presumed human carcinogen. 2 – suspected human carcinogen.

GHS Health Hazards 1) Acute Toxicity ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺩﺓ 2) Skin Corrosion/Irritation ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺪ 3) Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation ﺗﻬﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ / ﺧﻄﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ 4) Respiratory or Skin Sensitization ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻦ 5) Germ Cell Mutagenicity ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻃﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺮﺛﻮﻣﻴﺔ 6) Carcinogenicity ﻣﺴﺮﻃﻦ 7) Reproductive Toxicology ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻢ 8) Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Single Exposure ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 9) Target Organ Systemic Toxicity - Repeated Exposure ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﻋﻀﻮﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 10) Aspiration Toxicity ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ

GHS Environmental Hazards 1) Hazardous to the Aquatic Environment ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ 2) Acute aquatic toxicity ﺧﻄﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ 3) Chronic aquatic toxicity ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻣﻨﺔ – Bioaccumulation potential – Rapid degradability

GHS Hazard Communication Ø Once a chemical has been classified, the hazard(s) must be communicated to target audiences ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ. Ø Labels and Safety Data Sheets are the main tools for chemical hazard communication.

GHS Label Elements 1) Product Identifier 2) Signal Word (Danger, Warning) 3) Hazard Statement (for each hazard class and category) 4) Hazrad Pictogram(s) 5) Precautionary Statement (for each hazard class and category) 6) Name, Address and Tele. # of chemical manufacturer

Signal Words "Danger" or "Warning" are used to emphasize hazards and indicate the relative level of severity of the hazard, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. Ø "Danger" for the more severe hazards Ø "Warning" for the less severe hazards. Hazard Statements Hazard statements are standardized and assigned phrases that describe the hazard(s) as determined by hazard classification.

Hazard Statement Examples Ø Ø Ø Ø “Causes eye irritation” “Toxic if inhaled” “Flammable aerosol” “May cause cancer” “May cause respiratory irritation” “Harmful to aquatic life” “Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated” § Example: Flammable liquids • • Category 1: Extremely flammable liquid and vapour Category 2: Highly flammable liquid and vapour Category 3: Flammable liquid and vapour Category 4: Combustible liquid

Symbols ﺭﻣﻮﺯ /Pictograms ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ • Pictograms serve to attract attention to the hazard warnings. • One pictogram may be used to represent several hazards within a class. • Convey ﻧﻘﻞ health, physical and environmental hazard information, assigned to a GHS hazard class and category. • The GHS symbols have been incorporated into pictograms for use on the GHS label. • Pictograms will have a black symbol on a white background with a red diamond frame

GHS Pictograms !

Example of Environment Pictogram • Acute hazards to the aquatic environment> Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment> Aquatic toxicity ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ

Exclamation Mark • Irritant (skin and eye) ﻣﻬﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ • Skin Sensitizer ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻠﺪ • Acute Toxicity ﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ • Narcotic Effects ﺃﺜﺮ ﻣﺨﺪﺭ • Respiratory Tract Irritant ﺗﻬﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ • Hazardous to Ozone Layer ﺧﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺯﻭﻥ Harmful Substances

Skull & Crossbones ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation). Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic) ﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺕ

Gas Cylinder Compressed gases Liquefied gases Refrigerated liquefied gases Dissolved gases Gases Under Pressure ﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ

Flame • Flammables • • • ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎﻝ Pyrophorics ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺎ Self-Heating ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺫﺍﺗﻲ Emits Flammable Gas ﺗﺒﻌﺚ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﻌﻠﺔ Self-Reactives ﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺎ Organic Peroxides ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ Pyrophorics: substance "fire-bearing") ignites spontaneously in air at or below 55 °C (Examples are iron sulfide and many reactive metals including plutonium and uranium, Pyrophoric materials are often water-reactive as well and will ignite when they contact water or humid air.

Physical Hazard Pictograms

Health Hazard Pictograms

Precautionary Statements ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ Precautionary Statements are standardized explanations of the measures to be taken to minimize or prevent adverse effects. - Prevention Response Storage Disposal ﻭﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﺺ

Precautionary Statement Examples • Prevention “Wear protective gloves” • Response “If inhaled remove person to fresh air” • Storage “Store in well ventilated place” • Disposal “Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations”

Personal Protective Equipment Particulate Respirators Combination Respirators 52 Gas & Vapor Respirators

Label Example ﺑﻠﻊ

Label Example

Label Example ﻗﻴﺀ

GHS Label For Acetone

GHS Label For Epichlorohydrin Top Half Of Label Epichlohydrin 1 -Chloro-2, 3 -epoxypropane CAS No. 106 -89 -8 UN No. 2023 Hazard statements: ・Toxic if swallowed ・Toxic in contact with skin ・Fatal if inhaled ・May cause an allergic skin reaction. ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ・May cause genetic defects. ・May cause cancer ・Cause severe skin burns and eye damage ・Cause serious eye irritation ・Toxic to aquatic life

GHS Label For Epichlorohydrin Bottom Half Of Label Precautionary statements: ・Keep out of reach of children. ・Keep container tightly closed. ・Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. ・Wear eye/face protection. ・Wear protective gloves/clothing. ・Wear respiratory protection, as specified by the manufacturer. ・Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. ・Use appropriate ventilation. ・Wash thoroughly after handling. United Nations Co. , Ltd. 1 -1, Peace Avenue Geneva, Switzerland Tel. 41 22 917 00 00 Fax. 41 22 917 00 00

GHS Label Placement GHS label Pictogram is optional, if shipping label has hazard symbol

GHS Label Placement For Combination Packages Put 6 Units in box No GHS Label on Outer Package if Danger is noted by diamond label(s) GHS Single Package Label

Secondary Containers • Employers must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged, or marked with either the information specified under (i) through (v) for labels on shipped containers. • (i) Product identifier; • (ii) Signal word; • (iii) Hazard statement(s); • (iv) Pictogram(s); • (v) Precautionary statement(s); These will provide employees with the specific information regarding the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical.