HAZARD A hazard is any real or potential

잠재위험(HAZARD) A hazard is any real or potential produced inherent condition that can directly or indirectly cause injury or death to personnel, or damage or loss of equipment or property. (Physical / Health)

위험 (RISK) 발생빈도(Probability) * 발생결과(Consequence)

RISK MAMAGEMENT n AVOIDANCE (회피) n REDUDTION (완화) (감수) n TRANSFER(전가) n RETENTION

위험성평가기법의 종류 n n n Safety Review Checklist Analysis Relative Ranking Primary Hazard Analysis What-If Analysis HAZOP n n n Failure Mode Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Event Tree Analysis Cause-Consequece analysis Human Reliability Analysis

위험성평가의 제한성 (2) PORFORMING HIGH QUALITY HAZARD EVALUATIONS THROUOUT THE LIFE TIME OF A PROCESS CANNOT GUARANTEE THAT ACCIDENTS WILL NOT OCCUR.

필요자료 n n n n Material Sefety Ddata Sheets Chemical Process Data Process Flow Diagram Piping & Instrumentation Diagram Single Line & Area Classification Diagram Control Logic & Trip, Alarm Setting Equipments & Instrument Data Sheet Operation Manual ( Procedure)

평가 인력 ALL HAZARD EVALUATION TECHNIQUE ARE MORE THOROUGH AND EFFECTIVE WHEN PERFORMED BY A TEAM OF REVIEWRS

팀 리더의 책 무 n LEADER - LISTENING -E -A -D -E -R n책 무 - Quality Control - Schedule Control - Cost Control - Justification of Team

Dow Fire & Expolosion Index n 대상공정 선정 n Unit Hazard Factor 의 결정 ( General/Special Process Hazard Factor) Fire & Expolosion Index Calculation 위험성 평가 ( Damage Factor 계산, 영향범위내의 손 n n 실 예상 비용 산출 n MPPD( Maximum Probable Property Damage) 산출 Loss Control Credit Factor 계산 실제 MPPD 계산 n 최대 운전정지일수 및 영업손실일수 계산 n n

SHI (Substance Hazard Index) Vapor Press. (mm. Hg)* 106 760 Acute Toxity Concentration, ppm

WHAT-IF ANALYSIS Brainstorming Method n What-If 로 질문 I`m concerned about having the wrong material delivered - What-If pump A stops running during n start-up ? - What-If operator opens valve B instead of A ?

WHAT-IF 질문서 n n n 기기의 고장 (Equipment Failure) 온도, 압력 등 공정 조건들의 Upset 계기고장( Instrument Failure) n Utility Failure Operator Failure 정비, 유지, 보수 관련 사고 n 운전개시 등 운전절차 이탈 n Multiple Equipment Failure , & combined with operator n n

What-If Work Sheet 의 예

Fault Tree Analysis Top Down Analysis Method n Graphical Mode n n 정량적평가 AND, OR Logic Combination n Reliability Data 이용 n 고도로 복잡한 시스템에 적용 n 사고원인을 도출하는데 효과적 n