HAWTs vs VAWTs Bayley Costner Jason Cosma Tristan

HAWTs vs. VAWTs Bayley Costner Jason Cosma Tristan Fitzwater

History of Wind Turbines • Persians first to use windmills between 500 and 900 B. C. • Spread to middle east, used in food production • 1, 000 A. D. , wind power technology spread north to Europe • 1850, U. S. Wind Engine Company creates the Halladay Windmill • 1880, steel blades invented for windmills • 1970, skyrocketing gas prices renew interest in wind power • 1980, first large wind farms are installed http: //www. geek. com/ http: //energy. gov/eere/wind/history-wind-energy

How do Wind Turbines Work? • Convert wind energy into electricity • Use uneven propellers to catch wind • Wind turns the propellers which turns a generator • Generator converts mechanical energy into electricity http: //www. iowaenergycenter. org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/wem-07_fig 01. gif

Current State of Wind Turbines • 4% of the power grid in the US is currently windpower 1 • Some towns, like Rock Port, MO, are completely powered by wind turbines. 2 • Wind turbines are ranked #7 on the list of most used renewable energy sources on listverse. com 3 1 "American Wind Power Reaches Major Power Generation Milestones in 2013. " American Wind Power Reaches Major Power Generation Milestones in 2013. Awea. org, 5 Mar. 2014. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. 2 Thompson, Andrea. "First U. S. Town Powered Completely By Wind. " Live. Science. Tech. Media Network, 15 July 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. “Top 10 Renewable Energy Sources - Listverse. " Listverse. 1 May 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2015.

What is a HAWT? • Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine • Much larger than others • Mostly in rural areas • Most common type of turbine https: //www. mitchelltech. edu/media/library/Videos/48/cover/hond a-windfarm. jpg

What is a VAWT? • Vertical Axis Wind Turbines • Used in Urban areas • Much Smaller than HAWTs • Much rarer due to being a newer technology • Provides small amounts of energy in a small space 1 1 Hill, N. , R. Dominy, G. Ingram, and J. Dominy. "Darrieus Turbines: The Physics of Self-starting. " Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy (2008): 21 -29. Print. http: //qph. cf. quoracdn. net/main-qimg 0 c 134 d 468 d 7 cbb 56 d 12 fc 559 a 17 ef 711

Future Improvements of Wind Energy • Wind energy is a newer industry, but already makes sense economically • Cost of wind energy is trending downwards 1 • The U. S. Department of Energy has found that wind energy can be a viable source of energy in all 50 states by 20501 • As HAWT continues to dominate onshore wind farms, VAWT will begin to be used for large offshore wind farms 2 https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/f/f 0/Barrow_ Offshore_wind_turbines_edit 1. jpg 1 "Wind Vision. " Wind Vision. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. 2 Sahin, A. "Progress and Recent Trends in Wind Energy. " Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30. 5 (2004): 501 -43. Web.

Future Uses/Improvements of VAWT • Because VAWT blades can be assembled at the installation site, they are more efficient to transport than HAWT blades 2 • Several large-scale multi-megawatt offshore VAWT projects are currently being built 2 • HAWT are not capable of withstanding high wind speeds, so they cannot be used efficiently offshore (where wind speeds are generally much higher), where VAWT will begin to be built 1 1 Sahin, A. "Progress and Recent Trends in Wind Energy. " Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30. 5 (2004): 501 -43. Web. 2 Tjiu, Willy, Tjukup Marnoto, Sohif Mat, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generation II: Challenges in HAWT and the Opportunity of Multi-megawatt Darrieus VAWT Development. " Renewable Energy 75 (2015): 560 -71. Web.

Why is this important? • According to the Department of Energy, wind energy can help avoid the emission of 250, 000 metric tons of air pollution 1 • Wind energy can save consumers up to $280 billion by 2050 due to low vulnerability of price spikes, and can support 600, 000 jobs by 20501 • Wind energy will help to avoid over 12 gigatonnes of greenhouse gases by 20501 1 "Wind Vision. " Wind Vision. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. http: //www. worldnuclear. org/uploaded. Images/org/Nuclear_Basics/Lifecycle %20 greenhouse%20 gas%20 emissions. png

Sources "American Wind Power Reaches Major Power Generation Milestones in 2013. " American Wind Power Reaches Major Power Generation Milestones in 2013. Awea. org, 5 Mar. 2014. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. Thompson, Andrea. "First U. S. Town Powered Completely By Wind. "Live. Science. Tech. Media Network, 15 July 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. “Top 10 Renewable Energy Sources - Listverse. " Listverse. 1 May 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2015. Hill, N. , R. Dominy, G. Ingram, and J. Dominy. "Darrieus Turbines: The Physics of Self-starting. " Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy (2008): 21 -29. Print. "Wind Vision. " Wind Vision. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. Sahin, A. "Progress and Recent Trends in Wind Energy. " Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30. 5 (2004): 501 -43. Web. Tjiu, Willy, Tjukup Marnoto, Sohif Mat, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Power Generation II: Challenges in HAWT and the Opportunity of Multi-megawatt Darrieus VAWT Development. " Renewable Energy 75 (2015): 560 -71. Web.