Have you ever wondered how old a mountain

Have you ever wondered how old a mountain is? Mountains, valleys and hills can form slowly, and some form very quickly.

Modeling Earth’s Landforms 1. As a table (group of 4), form clay into peasize balls. Use the balls to model a mountain landform on the plate provided. 2.

Data collection Chart (qua. Litative & qua. Ntitative) Number of balls removed 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Observation

Expected Results We should have observed that landforms slowly change shape and grows smaller.

Science Interactive Notebook Left side of your notebook Right side of your notebook mrscdaniels. weebly. com

Essential Question Lesson 1 What are some of Georgia’s Landforms?

Science Concepts You should be able to explain: Ø what landforms are Ø What makes each landform different from others

Reading Strategy • RAP • Read one chunk at a time • Ask yourself what’s the main idea and supporting details • Paraphrase to your partner

RAP (page 64) Landforms Topography = all kinds of lands Volcanoes = Different mountains (not in ranges) Land has many different Shapes Types of mountains - Rocky (jagged) - Appalachian (lower / round) Hills like mountains (lower) Plains = flat Farming

RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Mountain Hills and Plains • Landforms - Natural land shape feature - Feature Topography Mountains - All kinds of landforms - In certain / specific areas - landform Much higher Occurs in groups / ranges Mountain ranges differ

T=Mountain, Hills & Plains (2 of 2) • • Volcanic Areas Hills - - landforms = mountains • Not as high • Rounded slopes - • Plains individual mountains • Steep sides • Rounded slopes Large Flat landforms • Little relief • Difference in elevation • Mid US • Great Plains very large plains - Formed in different ways

Learning About Landforms https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KWTDmg 8 OI_Y

RAP Landforms of Sand Shaped by wind & water Water moves sand - Sand spits - Barrier islands

RAP Landforms of Sand Shaped by wind & water Sand Dunes Move 100 feet /year Water moves sand - Sand spits - Barrier islands Rivers can form sand landforms - sandbars

RAP Landforms from water Mesa are created by running water Canyons … Formed by rivers. Canyons formed by run-off water

T= Landforms of Sand (1 of 2) • some landforms Sand Dunes - Made of sand bits of rocks • Move • Shaped by wind and water • Easily changed - sand hill • Shaped by wind • Moves • Can move up to 100 ft in a year - Water can move sand • Reshapes beaches • Forming sand spits & Barrier islands • Along the Atlantic Coast & Gulf of Mexico

T= Landforms of Sand (2 of 2) • Rivers - Can make sand landforms • Carry sand from land - Sandbar (landform) • Flow slows • Sand settles • Pacific Coast

RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Landforms From Water • Mesa Canyons - Tall, flat-topped rock Mesa= table in Spanish Forms as water erodes the surrounding rocks Monument Valley • Utah • Home of many mesas - deep valleys with steep sides - Throughout the Southwest Grand Canyon (Arizona) • Largest canyon in the world • Thousands of years to form • Rushing waters of Colorado - Carved through - Forming mile deep canyon not all canyons are made by rivers • Some formed by water runoff - -

RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

RAP Landforms from Water Topography – Varied in SW Canyons - Deep valleys & - Steep sides Mesa – Tall flat rock Made by water - Grand Canyon Largest Canyon - Arizona - Develop by Colorado River Not all canyons are made by rivers

Georgia’s Geological Regions Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (1 of 2) • Landforms Northwestern - Georgia • Divided into different regions • Geologist vary • 4 / 5/ 6 regions - Easiest way to separate • earth’s crust in each location - - Valley and Ridge Region • Rocks • Slowly pushed and folded many times • Many Peaks and Valleys • Boarded by Appalachian Mountains • Cartersville fault Fault • Break in Earth’s crust

T= Georgia’s Geologic Regions (2 of 2) • Blue Ridge Region - Home to Brasstown Bald • Highest point in Georgia Piedmont Region (Home!) - Middle of the state • Rolling hills • Remains of ancient mountain range • Famous red clay • Biggest cities - Atlanta, Athens Coastal Plain - Largest region • low, flat land • Extends from Piedmont to Atlantic Ocean • Many rivers • A lot of wet, marshy land • Ideal for growing crops

RAP Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Georgia’s Fall Line (1 of 2) • - - - • •

Essential Question • What causes changes to landforms?

Erosion Video 1. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=JULc. Vdeqg. E Bill Nye – Erosion 2. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=EMq. Rjv. Mk 2 A Bill Nye – Erosion 3. Https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ex. S 9 g. FXgib 0 4. Tooth erosion = real life connection

Essential Terms Weathering (noun) Sinkhole (Noun) Erosion (Noun) Topography (Noun)

Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (BREAKING) (Carrying Away) Sinkholes Topography A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Changes caused by wind Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Changes caused by wind Sand wears away rocks Breaking into small pieces Wind Carries Sand Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

Essential Question • What causes changes to landforms?

T= Changes Caused by Wind • Weathering - Wearing away rocks • Natural means - Weathered pieces • Carried away by wind • Keep moving • Large pieces fall - Over time • Wind leaves small piles • Piles grow and grow • Piles evolve into dunes - Sand Dunes locations • deserts, beaches & lakeshores • Along the Atlantic Coast - Heights • As high as 30 -story building - Pros & cons • Protect land during storms • Damage buildings & roads

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase changes caused by moving water Main Idea Moving water Can change the Earth’s surface Water is POWERFUL! It can dig a mile deep Canyon Deposits and water can change the rivers /

RAP Moving water / Erosion Flowing river erodes Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Change the Earth’s Surface Moving water - Change path of river - Dig 1 mile deep canyon River is deeper Sediments move Then deposited Changing the river

T= Changes Caused by Moving Water • Moving Water - change the Earth’s surface • Carries soil & small pieces of rock - Erosion Process of moving sediment • By wind, water, ice Water • Important cause of change • dig a mile-deep canyon • Change path of river • - Rapidly Flowing River - Erodes • • Banks • Widens river Bottoms • Deepens river - Carries sediments • Deposits • narrow river banks • Bottom shallow

• Emma’s question: What are sediments • Sediments are rocks, sand dirt and maybe even natural resources. Jake the Snake

Cause and Effect How can water cause a river’s bank to change? (Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Erosion and Deposition (1 of 2)__ • Moving Water Rain Water Ocean Waves - Creates energy • • Moves sediment The faster it moves = the > energy created Fast water = erodes a lot Slow water = erodes small amounts - Can cause erosion - Moving water carriers sediments - May leave gullies or ditches - Can change landforms • each wave can bring more sand - Deposition • Sediments drops out of water

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

T= Erosion and Deposition (2 of 2)_ • River’s Mouth - place where it empties into the ocean • • flow of water slows as it reaches ocean deposits of sediment settle • Forms Delta Flooding - An area of new land @ the mouth of a River • Made from sediment - Can deposit sediment near river • Heavy rain pushes water into banks • Water returns • Sediment remain • Rich in nutrients • Flood Plains • Good for farming

Cause and Effect What causes a sinkhole to form? (Level 1 / LB)

Videos • Videos: Sinkholes & Landslides: http: //kfor. com/2014/04/30/massive-sinkholelandslide-swallows-cars-in-baltimore/ • Sinkholes in Georgia: http: //www. cbs 46. com/story/22170726/sinkholecloses-cherokee-county-road • Time Lapse of a plant: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=W-FO 8 t. ZQGfk • Time Lapse of Plant roots: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. DA 8 rm. UP 5 ZM • Earth’s Crust: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 NJQKs 9 -NM 0

Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (BREAKING) (Carrying Away) Sinkholes Topography A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains Delta The triangular deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Sinkholes / Landslides Water can erode and Weather soft rocks Weight can cause road to collapse soil, mud and rocks Can make things move Quickly Landslides can occur After rain or earthquakes

T= Sinkholes and Landslides • Underground Water Gravity - - is powerful, too. • Weather and erode soft rocks Underground erosion • Causes caves to form • Underground caves collapse - Weight on top Underground • Caves near the surface • Sinkholes may open suddenly • Large holes • Found where limestone is • Usually Florida - Like water, cause land-changing process - Landslides • Soil, mud, rock move quickly • Happens suddenly - after earthquakes or heavy rains

Essential Terms Weathering The process of wearing away rocks by a natural means Erosion The process of moving sediments by wind, moving water & ice (BREAKING) (Carrying Away) Sinkholes Topography A large hole formed when the roof of a cave collapses Surface landforms of an area. Georgia: hills, rivers, mountains Delta The triangular deposits of sediments at the mouth of a river

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Main Idea Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Plants Causes weathering & erosion roots move break rocks Preserve & protect Hold soil Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts Trees and cover crops Preserve the land STOPS Erosion

T= Plants_( & ) _______ • Weathering Roots Protect Cover Crops - the process of wearing away - Seed germinates • Sends roots into cracks / holes • Roots grow • Can break rocks in pieces - Preserve Earth’s landforms • holds soil and sand in place • Helps prevent wind & water erosion - Helps return nutrients to soil - Trees help prevent wind erosion

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase The Structure of Earth 4 different layers Outer core= liquid Inner core = metal Digging deep in the Earth - But it’s not rock - 4, 000 miles is the center of Earth Crust & mantle are called plates Fit together like a puzzle Pangea - 10 major plates - Float & move - Affect each other Plate movements affects Earth’s Surface.

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Supporting Details / Reasons / Facts

Review • Sinkholes Review https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. Qvv 8 YFCG s. Y Landslides https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Jr. V 4 u. CVw mfk

T= Earth’s Structure • River’s Mouth Delta Flooding - - -

Bill Nye – Earth’s Crust • • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 NJQKs 9 -NM 0

Cause and Effect What causes an earthquake? (Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Earthquakes When plates move, energy is released = ground shake Earthquake is movement of Ground. Ritcher Measures how powerful an earthquake is 2. 0 little 6. 0 + great damage 3 types of plate movements • Pushed • Sliding • Pulling focus is placed Earthquakes occur along a fault Earthquakes occur a fault

What causes an Earthquake “A sudden release of energy to the Earth’s crust. ”

Understanding Earthquakes • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=cavq 2 HF Ba-U • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. Ny. VPsj 8 zc

T= Earthquakes___(1 of 2)____ Sudden Movement Plate Movement - 2 plates move • Energy is released in Earth’s crust • Ground shakes - Focus • place within the crust • Greatest damage directly above the focus • Cause a lot / little damage - Epicenter • Directly above the focus - 3 different types • Plates pushing together • Plates sliding past • Plates pulling apart

T= Earthquakes___(2 of 2)____ Faults Richter Scale - Breaks in Earth’s crust - Plate movements bend & crack crust • Middle of plates • Near edge of plates - Measures the magnitude • Amount of energy released • Increase of 1 = 32 x • 2. 0 too small to feel - Millions of 2. 0 earthquakes/ yearly • 6. 0 great deal of damage - 20 / a year

Most Recent Earthquake data • http: //earthquake. usgs. gov/earthquakes/map /

What causes an earthquake?

Review of Earthquakes • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=ELd 3 ebld STs

Volcanoes Know Want Learned

Volcanoes • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. Jgw. Nqz um. L 8 • http: //earthquakes. volcanodiscovery. com/

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase volcanoes Composite Wide / steep slopes Shield magma is pushed upward Through mantle and crust lava & ash can shoot 17 miles Magma travels upward Magma that flows out is lava Volcanoes are mountains made of Lava, ash and other materials Hot spots can cause A chain of volcanoes / Hawaiian islands are hot spots

Cause and Effect What causes a chain of volcanoes to form? (Level 1 / LB)

T= Volcanoes_________ - Rock beneath Earth’s surface Magma Lava • Forms in places - plates push against - Pull away from - Pushed upward through mantle & crust • Reaches opening / vent - Hot Column • Aka – Hot Spot • Melt a hole through crust • New location for volcanoes - Magma that flowed out - Molten rock • Earth’s surface • Reach up to 17 miles - Volcanic Mountain is formed • Lava, ash, and or other materials

T= Types of Volcanoes_______ Composite Shield Cinder Cone - wide w/ steep slopes - Ash and alternating layers of lava - Mount St. Helens, Washington State - broad w / gentle slopes - Easy flowing lava • Built up • Repeated lava flow - 85% of Hawaiian Islands - Tall & narrow w/ steep sides - Rock, ash & other materials - Not made of lava •

Volcanoes Know Want Learned

How are mountains formed? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g_y. Rn. Fq Dw. YA

T= How Mountains Form_______ Formation Famous Mountains - tallest landforms - Movements of plates • Crust is crumpled • Pushed upward - Appalachians - Normal faults • Folding and moving upwards - Valley & Ridge Region & Blue Ridge Mountains • Built series of reverse faults • Sheets of rock pile up - Grand Teton Mountains, Wyoming - formed in middle of plate • Pressure

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase mountains Tallest landforms Plates come together push land upwards The Affects of Faults : Normal Faults Reverse faults Plates move and magma fill in Can form in middle Of plate

Mountains Know Want Learned Tallest landforms (Colby They form when plates crash together (marianna) Devin – 2 types of faults - movement Maggie – density

Main Idea Explain how the work of seismologists help prevent earthquake damage? (Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Seismological Studies Earthquakes happen Constructive = mountains Rivers destructive - Roads Damaged - Building fall - Bridges destoy ologist Do / study Instruments Seism seismograph data - Map to help public - Educate building safety - Springs - > sway the safer earthquakes will occur Planning can change the effects

• What is the role of a seismologist

T= Seismological Studies ____ Earthquakes Seismologist Quantitative Data #s - Constructive • Form mountains & lake - Mostly Destructive • Roads & bridges damaged • Buildings fall - Scientist • Study earthquakes • Use numerous tools to monitor Earth’s crust • Seismograph (provides data for scientist) • • • Records movement in crust Strength – Richter Scale When / How long it lasted

T= Seismological Studies ____ Seismologist Quantitative Data #s - Seismic Hazard Maps • Areas most likely to shake • City official can prepare / educate - Construction Rules • Skyscrapers are built on springs • Ground shakes = building sways • > it sways the less likely to falls

Main Idea Identify 3 major methods of flood control? (Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Controlling Floods Constructive floods / plants Destructive / costly & deaths Dams & Levees Help controls flooding dams and levees have draw backs - Sediments stop flowing - And stops flow of river Remove any structures built on flood plains

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Controlling Floods Constructive floods / plants Destructive / costly & deaths Dams & Levees Help controls flooding dams and levees have draw backs - Sediments stop flowing - And stops flow of river Remove any structures built on flood plains

T= Flood Control ___________ Constructive Destructive - Natural Process • Occurs near body of water Plants grow Signals fish Cut channels into rivers Carves areas for animals to drink Aquatic life to hide Cost farmers • Fields & crops Damages houses & towns

T= Flood Control ___________ Control flooding - Dams and levees - Levees • A wall of earth / concrete • Built along banks of water • Concentrates rising waters within channels - Dams • Hold water back • Released slowly into stream channel • Stops flow of water , lake - remove structure built of Floodplains • Soil and wetland plants absorb excess water

• Flooding • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Bv 1 C_wc RGz. M • Cumberland Island • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=D 5 UND_ a. V 8 B 8

Main Idea Explain how people restore beaches. (Level 1 / LB)

Read Ask yourself (1 /2) Paraphrase Beach Restoration

T= Beach Restoration ______ - - _______