HATE CRIME AS SOCIAL CONTROL THEORIZING THE HATE

CONTEXT § RECENT EVENTS HAVE PROVIDED EVIDENCE OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HATE GROUPS AND

PROBLEM WHAT RELATIONSHIP, IF ANY, DO HATE GROUPS HAVE WITH THE PLACES WHERE HATE

INTEGRATED THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS Hate Crime Studies • Defining Hate Crime/Groups • Defensive Typology Social

HATE MANAGERS Hate groups which maintain a web presence are called Hate Managers act

EVIDENCE • Hate crimes are more likely to occur in places with hate groups

NOTES • SOLID BASIS FOR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HATE GROUPS AND HATE CRIMES. • CREDENCE

SUGGESTIONS • HATE CRIME DIFFERS FROM OTHER FORMS OF SELF-HELP. • HATE MANAGERS HOLD

THANK YOU JONATHAN A. LLOYD VIRGINIA TECH DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY 560 MCBRYDE HALL 225

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HATE CRIME AS SOCIAL CONTROL: THEORIZING THE HATE MANAGER JONATHAN A. LLOYD, MS VIRGINIA TECH DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY SEPTEMBER 11, 2019

CONTEXT § RECENT EVENTS HAVE PROVIDED EVIDENCE OF A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HATE GROUPS AND HATE CRIMES. § UNITE THE RIGHT RALLY § TANYA GERSH § RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO GENERALLY UNDERSTOOD; BUT INFLUENCE OVER LOCATION UNKNOWN.

PROBLEM WHAT RELATIONSHIP, IF ANY, DO HATE GROUPS HAVE WITH THE PLACES WHERE HATE CRIMES OCCUR?

INTEGRATED THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS Hate Crime Studies • Defining Hate Crime/Groups • Defensive Typology Social Control Theory • Self-Help • Social Orders • New Parochialism Hate Managers Routine Activity Theory (RAT) • Places & Managers • Super. Controllers

HATE MANAGERS Hate groups which maintain a web presence are called Hate Managers act as supercontrollers to both place managers and offenders. Corrupted Controllers, Not Facilitators.

EVIDENCE • Hate crimes are more likely to occur in places with hate groups present. • Hate crimes are more likely to occur in places discussed by hate managers. • Odds Ratio shows a higher likelihood of hate crime occurrence. • Odds ratio shows a higher likelihood of occurrence. • Statistically significant. • However, finding is not statistically significant.

NOTES • SOLID BASIS FOR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HATE GROUPS AND HATE CRIMES. • CREDENCE FOR SOCIAL ORDER CONCEPTUALIZATION. • QUESTIONS REMAIN REGARDING CONTROL. • HATE MANAGERS’ ROLE IS MORE COMPLICATED THAN SHOWN.

SUGGESTIONS • HATE CRIME DIFFERS FROM OTHER FORMS OF SELF-HELP. • HATE MANAGERS HOLD AN UNCLEAR ROLE. • FUTURE RESEARCH SHOULD INTEGRATE PERPETRATORS, VICTIMS, AND GUARDIANS INTO EXPLANATIONS. • REPLICATION OF HATE MANAGER MODEL. • STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING CAN DETERMINE FUTURE MODELS OF SELF-HELP.

THANK YOU JONATHAN A. LLOYD VIRGINIA TECH DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY 560 MCBRYDE HALL 225 STANGER ST. BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 lloydj 16@vt. edu www. lloydsoc. com