Harvard Bibliography Tutorial October 2017 Harvard bibliography does
Harvard Bibliography Tutorial October 2017 Harvard bibliography does NOT use footnotes/endnotes
Referencing Is Important!! It allows the reader (examiner) to judge the quality of your arguments and the evidence (your sources) on which they are based You show these sources to the reader/examiner by citing them in your essay (quoting) and including them in a reference list (bibliography) at the end of your essay You can add weight to your arguments by quoting and referencing the major authors in the field you are studying. It shows you have read around the subject and have considered the arguments of experts in the field Good referencing can help you avoid PLAGIARISM – the unacknowledged use of someone else’s work. Ask Miss Ryan for her handout on plagiarism if you are unsure what constitutes plagiarism. A Bibliography is a list of all the sources you used in the preparation of your essay including background reading
Plagiarism Familiarise yourself with the excellent ‘Plagiarism Severity Meter’ from the Visually website overleaf https: //www. google. ie/search? q=art+exhibition&espv=2&biw=1440&bih=770&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwi 67 t. SCk. Or. RAh. WCJMAKHUv 8 A 4 UQ_AUIBig. B&safe=active&ssui=on#safe = strict&tbm=isch&q=bart+simpson+i+will+not+plagiarise&imgrc=z. NIb. Nz. Pw. Stmvz. M%3 A
http: //visual. ly/did-i-plagiarize-types-and-severity-plagiarism-violations
Citing and Referencing In your essays you will be both citing from your sources and referencing them in your reference list or bibliography “Citation: the in-text reference that gives brief details (for example author, date, page number) of the source your are quoting from or referring to. This citation corresponds with the full details of the work (title, publisher and so on) given in your reference list or bibliography, so that the reader can identify and/or locate the work” You cite in the body of your essay “Reference List: A list of all the sources you consulted in your work arranged in alphabetical order by the author’s surname or, when there is no author, by title…” Your reference list or bibliography appears at the end of your essay Pears, R (2013) Cite Them Right. 9 th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Citing Sources In Your Essay If you are quoting or using ideas from a specific page(s) you should include the page numbers In your quotation Example Historian Max Hastings (2016, p. 72) argues that ‘the D-day invasion…. . ’ If your quotation refers to a complete work or an idea/ideas that run throughout a text you should use the author and date Example In a recent study (Shovolovsky, 2015) argued that black holes ….
Citing Sources In Your Essay If you are referring to a corporate author Example … as shown in its annual report (Artyza, 2016) sales of gluten based products…. If you are using a source with no author/editor, use the title in italics. Do not use ‘Anon’ or ‘Anonymous’ Example In a ground-breaking survey (Homelessness in Dublin, 2016) middle-aged men were…… When referring to a source with many chapters and multiple authors but you don’t know who wrote each chapter, then use the editors’ names Example Recent research (Brady and Hayes, 2016, pp. 411 -424) proved…. .
Secondary Citing This is when you cite/reference a work mentioned or quoted in another author’s work. You have not read the original source yourself You should cite both sources and use the phrase ‘quoted in’ or ‘cited in’ Examples Rimbi (2014, quoted in Hehir, 2016, p. 43) provides an excellent rebuttal of this argument…. NB – If you were unable to read Rimbi’s work yourself you cannot include it in your bibliography. It would only appear as a citation, as in the above example.
Quoting Quotes should be relevant to your argument Use them sparingly – the examiner wants to read about your interpretation of the evidence IB and RSR students - Quotations are included in your word count Quotes should be enclosed in quotation marks. Give author, date and page number(s) that the quotation was taken from “If you need to illustrate the idea of nineteenth-century America as a land of opportunity, you could hardly improve on the life of Albert Michelson” (Bryson, 2004, p. 156) Long quotes (more than 3 lines) should be contained in a separate paragraph and indented from the main body of the essay. Quotation marks are not required.
Paraphrasing is expressing someone else’s writing in your own words HOWEVER You must ensure that you do not change the original meaning You must still cite and reference your source of information
Ellipsis is omitting part of a quotation You show this by using three dots … “Historians have disagreed radically about what sort of a man Henry was … whether he was the puppet or the puppeteer” (Randall, 2001, p. 19)
Bibliography A bibliography is a detailed list of references cited in your essay plus other material you may have read, but not cited in your essay. It is located at the end of your essay It is arranged alphabetically by the author’s last name If there is no author it is arranged by title Internet pages with no author or title - use the web address The purpose of the bibliography is to enable the examiner to find the sources of information you relied on to create your essay – it’s like the ‘ingredients list’ in a recipe. Whatever methodology you chose, you must use it consistently – you cannot chop and change
What’s Included In A Bibliography? BE ORGANISED – AS SOON AS YOU START READING A SOURCE MAKE A NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING Author(s)/Editor(s) Date of Publication – if there is no date use (no date) Title – use the title and the subtitle if there is one Edition – use only if the work is not the first edition eg 3 rd edn. Place of publication and the publisher – only required for printed book, reports eg Dublin: Four Courts Press
What’s Included In A Bibliography? Series –include series and volume number after the publisher eg Dublin: Four Courts Press (World Law Series, 60) Journals and Newspapers - include the following in this order – vol. number, issue/part number, date eg 87 (3); Page Number – use for books, journal/newspaper articles - use p. for a single page and pp. for more than one URL – you must include the date you accessed the web page eg (Accessed: 30 Jan 2017)
Caveat What follows is only a sample Refer to ‘Cite Them Right’ for additional reference types eg • chapters in edited books • market research reports from online databases • Legislation/Govt. publications • EU publications
Sample Text and Reference List Using Harvard Refer to the ‘Cite Them Right’ pp. 18 -20 photocopy handout
Names Use ‘Cite Them Right’ (pp. 12 -14) for guidance on the following names: Arabic Burmese Chinese Indian Japanese Malaysian Portuguese Spanish Thai Vietnamese
Harvard Style - BOOKS Citation Order Printed Books Ebooks* • Author/Editor • Publication year (in round brackets) • Title (in italics) • Edition (if not first edition) • Place of Publication: Publisher • Series and vol. number • Author/Editor • Publication year (in round brackets) • Title (in italics) • Place of Publication: Publisher • When an ebook looks like a printed book, with publication details and pagination, you should reference as a printed book
Harvard Style - Translations Reference the translation you have read, not the original text Citation Order Author/editor Publication year of translated publication (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Translated by … Place of publication: reprint publisher
Harvard Style – Books In Their Original Language If referencing a book in its original language, give the title exactly as shown in the book Citation Order Author/editor Publication year (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Place of publication: reprint publisher Example of citation in your essay – In her depiction of middle-class lifestyles (Beauvoir, 1966) …. Example of reference – Beauvoir, S. de (1966) Les Belles Images. Paris: Gallimard
Harvard Style - Sacred Texts Refer to ‘Cite Them Right’ (p. 29) for guidance on the following: The Bible The Torah The Qur’an
Harvard Style – Journal/Magazine Articles Citation Order Author Publication year (in round brackets) Title of article (in single quotation marks) eg ‘Journal of Neuroscience’ Title of journal in italics Issue Information and page reference eg 13(4), pp. 565 -578
Harvard Style – Newspaper Articles Where the author (byline) of a newspaper article is known, use the following citation order: Author Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of article in single quotation marks Title of newspaper in italics Edition (if relevant) Day and month Page reference
The Internet The variety of information types available on the internet is enormous. Therefore, you must distinguish what it is you are referring to. You should aim to provide sufficient information to enable someone else find your source of information You should quote the date you accessed the information as it may be amended or not there in a few month’s time Information taken from the internet should be evaluated as critically as information from other sources See the library Blog for guidance on how to evaluate internet and print sources of information
Web Pages Citation Order Author Year site was published/last updated (in round brackets) Title of web page in italics Available at: provide the URL (Accessed date) Web page has NO author ? – then use the title of the web page Web page has NO date? – use (no date). But, how useful is this source? How do you know if it’s out of date?
Art – Paintings & Drawings Citation order Artist Year (if available) Title of work (in italics) Medium [in square brackets] Institution/Collection that houses the work, followed by the city IF SEEN ONLINE ADD Available at: (Accessed: date)
Art - Exhibitions Citation Order Title of exhibition (in italics) Year (in round brackets) [Exhibition] The word [Exhibition] is to appear after the date. Location. Date(s) of exhibition
Photographs From The Internet Citation Order Photographer Year of publication (in round brackets) Title of photograph (in italics) Available at: URL (Accessed: date)
Cartoons Citation Order Artist Date (if available) Title of Cartoon (in single quotation marks) [Cartoon] The word [Cartoon] is to appear after the title Title of publication (in italics) Day and month IF SEEN ONLINE ADD Available at: (Accessed: date)
Maps Citation order Ordnance Survey Year of publication (in round brackets) Title (in italics) Sheet number, scale Place of publication, publisher Series (in round brackets)
Films Citation order Title of film (in italics) Year of distribution (in round brackets) Directed by [Film] Place of distribution: distribution company Reference list - Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) Directed by Michael Moore [Film]. Santa Monica, Calif: Lions Gate Films
Interviews Citation Order Name of person interviewed Year of interview (in round brackets) Title of interview (if any) (in single quotation marks) Interview with/interviewed by Interviewer’s name Title of publication or broadcast (in italics) Day and month of interview
Interviews – Reference List Newspaper Interview Riley, B. (2008) ‘The Life of Riley’. Interview with Bridget Riley. Interviewed by Jonathan Jones for The Guardian, 5 July, p. 33. Internet Interview Obama, B. (2008) Interviewed by Terry Moran for ABC News, 19 March. Available at: http: //vote 2008/story? id=4480133 (Accessed: 16 June 2008)
Note Footnotes and endnotes are not used in Harvard and other author-date referencing styles
Bibliography Pears, R (2013) Cite Them Right. 9 th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
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