HARMONICS STANDARD 1 EET 422 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITYEMC AND

HARMONICS STANDARD 1 EET 422 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY(EMC) AND COMPLIANCE ENGINEERING

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 Test limits for harmonic current according to class, i. e. class A, B, C and D. Equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase. CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C HARMONIC n FIXED LIMIT AMPERES 1. 5 x CLASS A % LIMIT AMPERES % Fundamental PROPORTIONAL LIMITS m. A/W CLASS A LIMIT AMPERES 3 2. 30 3. 45 30 x (power factor) 3. 4 2. 3 5 1. 14 1. 71 10 1. 9 1. 14 7 0. 77 1. 155 7 1 0. 77 9 0. 40 0. 6 5 0. 4 11 0. 33 0. 495 3 0. 35 0. 33 13 0. 21 0. 315 3 3. 85/n 0. 21 n = 15 – 39 3 2 1. 08 1. 62 4 0. 43 0. 645 6 0. 30 0. 45 8 - 40 CLASS D 2 2 • •

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 3 Class A • Anything that is not class B, C and D. • FIXED LIMITS: amperes • Independent of EUT power level & power factor. • Even and odd limit graph

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 TRANSISTORY LIMIT (RELAXATION) • All 1. 5 s smoothed rms harmonic current values ≤ 150% of the applicable limits. • Additional relaxation limits in the latest version of the Harmonics Standard for Class A for short bursts (<10% of test time) that would go beyond the transitory (150%) limit but are less then 200% of the applicable limit, provided that the average of the harmonic current is <90% of its limit. CLASS A TEST 2 x. LIMIT HARMONIC H 21 H 39 MEASURED calculate 100% limit < measured Harmonics < 200% limit TRANSITORY if 100% limit < measured Harmonic < 200% limit but, for < 10% test time window HARMONIC COMPLIES 4 APPLY

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 PARTIAL ODD HARMONIC LIMIT • A relaxation or ‘limits trade-off’ for the higher order odd harmonics ranging from the 21 st harmonic (1050 Hz) to the 39 th harmonic (1950 Hz). • Can exceed the 100% limits shown in page 2, provided no individual measurement exceeds 150% of the limit throughout the test and the Partial Odd Harmonic Current (POHC) average does not exceed the POHC limit (square root of the sum of squares of the odd harmonic currents 21 to 39). 5 Limits > 100% limits (measurement > 150%limit & POHC< POHC limit)

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 PARTIAL ODD HARMONIC LIMIT CLASS A, B, C, D TEST HARMONIC LIMIT 1. 5 x. LIMIT MEASURED H 21 calculate H 39 100% limit < measured Harmonics < 150% limit calculation POHC measured calculation if 100% limit < measured Harmonics < 150% limit but, measured calculation < limit calculation PASS = COMPLIANCE 6 APPLY

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 TESTING • LINE IMPEDANCE resistance 1 f 0. 24 W LINE reactance j 0. 15 W (0. 4775 m. H @ 50 Hz) NEUTRAL resistance reactance 0. 16 W TOTAL impedance j 0. 1 W 0. 4 + j 0. 25 W (0. 3183 m. H @ 50 Hz) Wave Analyzer • Measures the amplitude of each harmonic component from n = 2 to n = 40. • Can be a frequency-domain type using selective filters, a spectrum analyzer, or a timedomain method to perform digital computation to derive the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). 7 AC 2000 A Harmonics Flicker and Power Analyzer.

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 VOLTAGE rms VOLTAGE peak 230 V ± 2. 0 % (± 4. 6 V) 1. 4 Vrms 1. 42 Vrms CREST FACTOR 1. 4 ± 0. 1 FREQUENCY PHASE 50 Hz ± 0. 5 % 120 o ± 1. 5 o HARMONIC % FUNDAMENTAL 3 5 7 9 11 à 40 2 à 10 0. 9 0. 4 0. 3 0. 2 0. 1 8 TESTING SOURCE • Quality of test source voltage. • Low distortion, low impedance • 50 Hz 230 V rms ac source. • Eliminate supply voltage fluctuations from other users affecting the results.

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 9 CURRENT MEASUREMENT • currents are monitored using a current transducer. • internal impedance adds to the source impedance needs consideration. • current transducer can be either: a non-inductive resistor current shunt with Vdrop, max = 0. 15 V, or a current transformer calibrated for each frequency

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 CURRENT MEASUREMENT current probe (clamp) 10 ISOLATING TRANSFORMER

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 CALCULATE or MEASURE HARMONICS 3 39 Y FAIL ANY HARMONIC 3 19 > LIMIT N ALL HARMONICS Y 21 39 < LIMIT PASS N N FAIL ALL HARMONICS 21 39 < 1. 5 LIMIT Y FAIL Y PASS 11 N

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -12 16 A current levels 75 A per phase Connected to the public low voltage (230 V, 50 Hz) ac distribution system. Basic methods, limit types and measurement methods are similar to EN 61000 -3 -2. MEASURE 1. 5 s smoothed harmonics and their averages THD CALCULATE PWHD % I H < stage 1 limits NO YES < stage 2 limits simplified connection connect specify RSCE min NO 12 • • • REQUEST SUPPLY AUTHORITY

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -12 THD: TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION PWHD: PARTIAL WEIGHTED HARMONIC DISTORTION 13 PWHD: ratio based on the rms values of a group of higher harmonics to the fundamental rms. PWHD: to reduce the effect of the higher harmonics RSCE R = SHORT CIRCUIT RATIO RSCE is related to the output impedance of the supply (ZS) to which the equipment is connected. NOTE: RSCE is NOT a RESISTANCE

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 STAGE 1 HARMONIC LIMITS STAGE 1: % HARMONIC CURRENT % 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4. 0 21. 6 2. 0 10. 7 1. 3 7. 2 1. 0 3. 8 0. 8 3. 1 0. 7 3. 0 THD PWHD 23 23 • the simplified connection, • current harmonic limits are shown in Table above. • Equipment complying with the limits that are based on a minimum RSCE = 33 can be connected to the LV network. • Single phase Power Converters (240 V; < 5 k. VA). • Stage 2 is required if there is more than one load per phase. • Individual three-phase converters rated less than 12 k. VA may be connected to the 415 V system and less than 130 k. VA to the 11 k. V system without further consideration. 14 2

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 STAGE 2 BALANCED 3 -PHASE LOADS • 415 V, 11 k. V and higher voltages. STAGE 2: BALANCED 3 -PHASE % HARMONIC CURRENT % RSCE min 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 33 8. 0 4. 0 10. 7 2. 7 7. 2 2. 0 1. 6 3. 1 1. 3 2. 0 13 22 8. 0 4. 0 14 2. 7 9. 0 2. 0 1. 6 5. 0 1. 3 3. 0 16 25 8. 0 4. 0 19 2. 7 12. 0 1. 6 7. 0 1. 3 4. 0 22 28 8. 0 4. 0 31 2. 7 20. 0 2. 0 1. 6 12. 0 1. 3 7. 0 37 38 8. 0 40 2. 7 25. 0 2. 0 1. 6 15. 0 1. 3 10. 0 48 45 120 250 ≥ 350 15 66 THD PWHD

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 STAGE 2 BALANCED 3 -PHASE LOADS: SPECIAL OPERATING CONDITIONS STAGE 2: BALANCED 3 -PHASE “SPECIAL CONDITIONS” % % HARMONIC CURRENT 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 THD PWHD 33 8. 0 4. 0 10. 7 2. 7 7. 2 2. 0 1. 6 3. 1 1. 3 2. 0 13 22 ≥ 120 8. 0 40. 0 2. 7 25. 0 2. 0 1. 6 15. 0 1. 3 10. 0 48 45 • Uncontrolled bridge rectifier + capacitor. • Fully controlled bridges. • 5 th and 7 th harmonic currents < 5% of fundamental; 12 pulse converters. 16 RSCE min

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 STAGE 2 UN-BALANCED 3 -PHASE LOADS STAGE 2: UN-BALANCED 3 -PHASE % HARMONIC CURRENT RSCE min 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 THD PWHD 33 8. 0 21. 6 4. 0 10. 7 2. 7 7. 2 2. 0 3. 8 1. 6 3. 1 1. 3 2. 0 23 23 66 8. 0 24. 0 13. 0 2. 7 8. 0 2. 0 5. 0 1. 6 4. 0 1. 3 3. 0 26 26 120 8. 0 27. 0 4. 0 15. 0 2. 7 10. 0 2. 0 6. 0 1. 6 5. 0 1. 3 4. 0 30 30 250 8. 0 35. 0 4. 0 20. 0 2. 7 13. 0 2. 0 9. 0 1. 6 8. 0 1. 3 6. 0 40 40 ≥ 350 8. 0 41. 0 4. 0 2. 7 15. 0 2. 0 1. 6 10. 0 1. 3 8. 0 47 47 17 %

IEC/EN 61000 -3 -2 18 STAGE 3 • Requires a request to connect to be submitted to the local supply authority. • Stage 3 harmonic voltages resulting from the harmonic currents have to be estimated based on the source impedance. • Stage 3 documentation requires the following statement: “this equipment requires supply authority acceptance for connection to the public supply networks. ”