Harbors and Ports Engineering Geology CE 31 FB

Harbors and Ports Engineering Geology – CE 31 FB 2

PORTS A port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually situated at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. Ports often have cargo handling equipment such as cranes (operated by longshoremen) and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may be provided by private interests or public bodies

Manila Port

Port of Hamburg, Germany

Shanghai Port

Port of Piraeus, Greece

Port of Haifa, Israel

Port of Barcelona, Spain

Port of Busan, Korea

Cargo Port in Hilo, Hawaii

Port of Montreal, Quebec

Types of Ports • • • Inland port Fishing port Warm water port Cruise home port Port of call Cargo port

Inland Port

Fishing port

Warm water port

Cruise home port

Port of Call

Cargo Port

Harbors Is a place of security and comfort, a small bay or other sheltered part of an area of water, usually well protected against high waves and strong currents, and deep enough to provide anchorage for ships and other craft. It is also a place where port facilities are provided, e. g. accommodation for ships and cargo handling facilities.

2 TYPES OF HARBORS v Artificial Harbors v Natural Harbors

Examples of Natural Harbors Ø New York Harbor in the United States Ø Subic Bay in Zambales, the Philippines Ø Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, United States Ø San Francisco Bay in California Ø Sydney Harbour in Australia

New York Harbor in the United States

Subic Bay in Zambales, the Philippines

Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, United States

San Francisco Bay in California

Sydney Harbour in Australia

Examples of Artificial Harbors Ø Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, California, United States Ø Port of Houston, Texas, United States Ø Port of Long Beach, California, United States

Port of Los Angeles in San Pedro, California

Port of Houston, Texas, United States

Port of Long Beach, California, United States

Difference of Ports and Harbors Location: v Port is located inside a Harbor v A Harbor cannot be located inside a port Purpose: v Port : Use to load and unload cargo v Harbor : Provide shelter from the weather conditions

Offshore Constructions

OVERVIEW Offshore construction is the installation of structures and facilities in a marine environment, usually for the production and transmission of electricity, oil, gas and other resources.

2 MAIN CATEGORIES OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES v Fixed steel structures - Jacket - Jack-up - Compliant Tower - Gravity based structure - Monotower v Floating steel Structures - Semi Submersible - Tension Leg platform - Spar

Jacket These platforms are fixed and their deck is supported by a steel tubular structure having its feet on the seabed.

Jack- up Jack-ups are rigs that can be jacked up above the sea using legs that can be lowered, much like jacks.

Compliant Tower Compliant towers are similar to jacket platforms in that they have a steel tubular jacket that is used to support the surface facilities. Unlike jacket platforms, compliant towers yield to the water and wind movements in a manner similar to floating structures. Like fixed platforms, they are secured to the seafloor with piles.

Gravity based Structure The gravity type support structure is normally a concrete based structure which can be constructed with or without small steel or concrete skirts.

Monotower A Monotower is an offshore platform without any workers, which has one leg.

Semi-submersible A semisubmersible is designed with a platform-type deck that contains drilling equipment and other machinery supported by pontoon-type columns that are submerged into the water.

Tension Leg Platform A type of floating production system, tension leg platforms (TLPs) are buoyant production facilities vertically moored to the seafloor by tendons.

Spar A spar is a deepdraft floating caisson, which is a hollow cylindrical structure similar to a very large buoy.

Prepared by : Castillo, Marnelli Verzosa, Pauline Vasquez, Nikka Thank you for listening