Harappa Indus River Valley Christian Jones and Walter

Harappa (Indus River Valley) Christian Jones and Walter Hacker

Cities � There were remnants located northern India, Pakistan, Northern Afghanistan. � At least eighty villages were recovered. � Public baths, military fortifications, wide streets, drains, and reservoirs. � Harappa was just one city in the Indus River Valley, along with others like Mohenjo Daro and Dholvaria. � The people Harappa has supported is believed to be around 40, 000.

Painting of Harappa by Chris Sloan.

Government/Laws �Harappa has a Centralized theocratic government. �Theocracy is a government in which God rules. �The Priest is the head leader of the city, because he hears directly from God on how the city should be run. �Taxes were collected by grain.

Written Language �Archaeologists found over 2, 000 inscribed seals in good condition. �The language is still not deciphered. �It is a logo-phonetic language. �There are many theories about the language: like it being “Aryan”, unrelated, in the Munda family of languages, or “Dravidian”.

Art �Earliest art of man in India is Harappan. �Items were made out of bronze, terracotta, shell, bone, clay, and imported metals. �Some artworks were: jewelry, bowls of pottery, figurines (men, women, children, animals, toys, etc. ), weaving, and statues.

A red terracotta vase, with goat like figures called ibexes. Jewelry from Harappa, made of gold and semipreciou s stones A bull and pictographic writing.

Social Structure The social “food chain” is: Priests Warriors and Nobility Merchants, carpenters, landowners Laborers- These folks lived in small huts farther from the city. • Untouchables (children of God) The closer someone lived to the center of the city, the wealthier and higher up they lived in social status. • •

Religion �They had polytheistic views. �There was a bull god, spirits in water, trees, animals, and humans. �There is a very strong similarity discovered to Hinduism. �A three headed figure like Shiva was found in various locations. �They also buried their dead.

Significant Contributions �They were first to use underground sewage. �Also, they were first to use weights and measurements for commercial and building purposes. �Along with that, they used bricks for architecture, as we do today. �Their cuneiform was in the competition for the world’s first script.

Current Nation that Resembles � There are two nations that currently resemble Harappa: Pakistan and India. � For one thing, they are geographically the same. Also, people are descendants from the ancient civilization. Lastly, they have a similar religion. Harappa supposedly worshipped a Shiva figure, which is like the large Hindu population of today. � Also, they similar social structure, with priests at the top and untouchables at the bottom.

Works Cited �http: //misstarvin. wetpaint. com/page/The+H arappan+Civilization, +Period+2 �www. harappa. com/har 0. html �www. indianartcircle. com/arteducation/page _2. shtml �www. ancientscripts. com/indus. html

Works Cited � http: //www. harappa. com/3 D/2. html � richmondnga. sharpschool. net/. . . � http: //www. rupeenews. com/wp- content/uploads/2008/07/indus-civilizationmap. jpg � www. smithlifescience. com/51 indusrivervalley. htm � guweb 2. gonzaga. edu/facility/brunell/ppindia. h tml � www. ushistory. org/civ/8 a. asp