HAPTOPHYTES 21 Flagella Haptonema 14 15 Haptonema Function

HAPTOPHYTES 21

Flagella, Haptonema 14 15

Haptonema Function 1) Obstacle Avoidance 2) Adhesion 3) Phagocytosis 8

External Covering 1) Naked 2) Organic Scales 24 1

Organic Scale Formation Figs. 10. 7, 10. 8 in Graham et al. 2008

External Covering 3) Coccoliths 5 3 “Coccospheres”

Heterococcolith Formation Fig. 10 in Graham et al. 2008

Holococcolith Formation Figs. 10. 9, 10. 11 in Graham et al. 2008

Coccolith Function 1) Focusing Light 2) Limit Access by Bacteria, Viruses 3) Retard Herbivory 4) Buoyancy Regulation Fig. 10. 13 in Graham et al. 2008

Chloroplast Structure Fig. 10. 14 in Graham et al. 2008

Haptophyte Chloroplast Origin

Cell Division Fig. 10. 15 in Graham et al. 2008

Haptophyte Asexual and Sexual Reproduction 25 26 Prymnesium Species A (n) Prymnesium Species B (2 n) Holococcoliths (n) Heterococcoliths (2 n)

Evidence for Holococcolith (n) as Gametes, Heterococcoliths (2 n) as Zygotes

Haptophyte Significance 28 Isochrysis Pavlova lutheri 29

10 Haptophyte Significance Phaeocystis Colony 11 Phaeocystis is a Haptophyte. It forms a gelatinous colony. It is believed that their decaying remains are the cause of the foam on the sea shore.

Haptophyte Significance 27 Chrysochromulina 26 Prymnesium parvum

Haptophyte Significance Phaeocystis Colony Emiliania 22 DMS (Volatile) Production Fig. 10. 16 in Graham et al. 2008

Haptophyte Significance 7 Oceans = 2/3 of Earth’s Surface Carbonate Deposits = ½ of Ocean Floor Haptophytes Contribute ¼ of Carbonate on Ocean Floor 6

Haptophyte Significance 30 Haptophytes Contribute at least 25% of Vertical Carbon Transport to Ocean Floor (Graham et al. 2008)

Haptophyte Significance 12 17 Isle of Wight Chalk Cliffs 13

Haptophyte Phylogeny

1 http: //img. search. com/thumb/d/d 1/Emiliania_huxleyi_3. jpg/ 250 px-Emiliania_huxleyi_3. jpg 2 http: //www. biol. tsukuba. ac. jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis. gif 3 http: //www. b-s-p. org/bspnews/981/images/981 -05 a. png 4 http: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/phaeocystis 450. jp 5 http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/chromista/coccolith. gif 6 http: //hjs. geol. uib. no/marinemicro/maps/0 -0 -2 -mapsediments-facies. jpg 7 Graham and Wilcox 2000 8 Fig. 10 -3 in Graham and Wilcox 2000

9 http: //www. metoffice. gov. uk/research/hadleycentre/models/carbon_cycle/ CDIAC_glob_c_cycle. gif 10 http: //www. microscopy-uk. org. uk/micropolitan/marine/algae/ phaeocystis 450. jpg 11 http: //www. biol. tsukuba. ac. jp/~inouye/ino/h/phaeocystis. gif 12 https: //www. biomedia. cellbiology. ubc. ca/cellbiol/media/images/ lrg 625/1130048723_Akaroa_Bay-NZ-coccolith_of_Gephyrocapsa_oceanica. Apr-05_m 05 -2. jpg 13 Fig. 10 -7 in Wilcox and Graham 2000 14 http: //www. jochemnet. de/fiu/bot 4404/Hapto_haptonema. jpg 15 http: //www. jochemnet. de/fiu/hapto 1. gif 16 Fig. 10 -11 in Wilcox and Graham 2000 17 http: //www-biol. paisley. ac. uk/bioref/Habitats/Needles_DSC_3524. jpg

18 http: //web. mit. edu/esgbio/www/lm/sugars/cellulose. GIF 19 http: //www. nature. com/news/2001/010118/images/cellulose_200. jpg 20 http: //www. 2 spi. com/catalog/analytical/images/3 d/calcium% 20 carbonate%20 crystals. jpg 21 http: //www. nhm. ac. uk/hosted_sites/ina/graphics/stampdetail. jpg 22 http: //www-gte. larc. nasa. gov/img/able 1. jpg 23 http: //www. uth. tmc. edu/bmb/images/faculty-marsh-fig 2. jpg 24 http: //www. uth. tmc. edu/bmb/images/faculty-marsh-fig 2. jpg 25 http: //www. scielo. cl/fbpe/img/imar/v 35 n 1/fig 09 -02. jpg 26 http: //www. tpwd. state. tx. us/landwater/environconcerns/hab/ga/ images/p_parvumbuzan. jpg 27 http: //www. jochemnet. de/fiu/bot 4404/Hapto_Chrysochromulina 2. gif 28 http: //www. ag. auburn. edu/fish/image_gallery/data/media

29 http: //www. lib. noaa. gov/korean_aquaculture/algal. files/ microalgal 002. gif 30 http: //www. e 3 alive. org/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/carboncycle. png