HAEMOFLAGELLATES Genus Leishmania Genus Trypanosoma Blood Flagellates Haemoflagellates

HAEMOFLAGELLATES

Genus: Leishmania Genus: Trypanosoma Blood Flagellates (Haemoflagellates) Family Trypanosomatidae General characters

Morphological forms of family Trypanosomatidae

Rhizoplast Blepharoblast Amastigote form (Leishmania form) Nucleus Promastigote form (Leptomonade form) Epimastigote form (Crithedial form) Trypomastigote form (Trypanosome form) Parabasal body

Many species But All have Genus Leishmania Vector Man Strictly intracellular

Species of genus Leishmania cause: Visceral Leishmaniasis Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Leishmania species and related diseases Species Disease Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania chagasi Visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania amazonensis Leishmania tropica Leishmania major Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (OWCL) Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania Mexicana Leishmania brazilliensis Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL)

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar, Dum-dum fever) L. donovani Indea, Pakistan, Distribution Bangladesh, Taila nd, Indonesia, China and East Africa. R. H Dogs &rodents. Vector L. infantum Mediterranean basin, Africa, and Southern Russia. Brazil, Venzuela. Dogs and foxes. Dogs & rodents. Female Sand fly Female Sand (Phlebotomus fly (P. papatasi). Age affected Adult. L. chagasi& L. amazonensis. Children less than 4 years. Female Sand fly (Lutzomyia). Young adults and children.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar, Dum-dum fever black fever or infantile splenomegaly) Brain storming

Macrophage system = Mononuclear phagocytic cells = Reticulo endothelial system. Definition: this system is formed of groups of phagocytic cells which present in different tissues and organs of the body to phagocytose and destroy foreign elements. Origin: all phagocytes originate from the circulating blood monocytes

Van kupffer's cells, histiocytes, monocytes Macrophage cells Microglial cells Macrophages Dust cells, Heart failure cells Bone marrow: monocytes, macrophage, histiocytes. Littoral cells. Bone: osteoclast cells Skin: Langerhans cells Histiocytes Macrophages

Life cycle Vector Human

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis VECTOR SKIN MAN Mode of infection * Sand fly bite *Contact

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (OWCL) (Oriental sore, Delhi boil, Baghdad sore)

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (OWCL) (Oriental sore, Delhi boil, Baghdad sore) Causative species Distribution Mediterranean region, Middle East, Asia and Africa Leishmania tropica in over populated areas as big cities (urban distribution). Middle East, Asia and Africa in lightly inhabited areas as Leishmania major villages at edges of desert (rural distribution). East Africa (Ethiopia and Leishmania aethiopica Kenya)

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Oriental sore, Delhi boil, Baghdad sore) Brain storming

New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (NWCL) American Leishmaniasis Distribution: Leishmania braziliense Leishmania mexicana Specific characters of each ulcer Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or Espundia Central *Primary lesion and *Secondary or South metastatic America. lesion Chiclero ulcer

Genus Trypanosoma Polymorphic Ttrypanosome s Monomorphic trypanosome

Polymorphic Ttrypanosomes Trypanosoma gambiense. Trypanosoma rhodesiense African trypanosomes African sleeping sickness African trypanosomiasis Monomorphic trypanosome Trypanosoma cruzi American trypanosome Chagas'disease American trypanosomiasis

Polymorphic trypanosomes Brain storming

African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness) Distribution

Vector: Glossina (Tse-tse fly)

Morphology of polymorphic trypanosomes:

Life cycle T Vector M Man T T T T

Mode of transmission of trypanosomes in Glossina 1 -Biological (cyclopropagative) with anterior station development. 2 -Mechanical transmission.

Monomorphic trypanosomes Brain storming

American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) Distribution

R. H

Winged bug (Triatoma megista)

Morphology of T. cruzi Monomorphic trypanosome Amastigote form

Life cycle

Mode of transmission in Chagas' disease: *Biological transmission (cyclopropagative) with posterior station development. *Less commonly by blood transfusion or congenital (transplacental)transmission.

What are we going to see? & Key of differentiation