Gymnosperms Topic 10 BOT 3015 Bill Outlaw Instructor

Gymnosperms Topic 10 BOT 3015 Bill Outlaw, Instructor

Lecture Outline (a) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Phylogenetic Orientation Review of Traits required for Seed Production Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds Gymnosperm Photo Gallery Pine Life Cycle

Lecture Outline (b) 1. Phylogenetic Orientation 2. 3. 4. 5. Review of Traits required for Seed Production Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds Gymnosperm Photo Gallery Pine Life Cycle

Phylogenetic Orientation (a)

Phylogenetic Orientation (b)

Phylogenetic Orientation (c)

Phylogenetic Orientation (d)

Phylogenetic Orientation (e)

Phylogenetic Orientation (f)

Lecture Outline (c) 1. Phylogenetic Orientation 2. Review of Traits required for Seed Production 3. Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds 4. Gymnosperm Photo Gallery 5. Pine Life Cycle

Review of Traits Required for Seed Evolution (a) **Heterospory—all seed plants are heterosporous, but not all heterosporous plants produce seeds. **Retention of the megaspore (N) within the megasporangium (2 N=nucellus). (Of course, if a megaspore forms, then the plant must be heterosporous. Also, note that the presence of three distinct phases of growth—the sporophyte, the male gametophyte, and the female gametophyte. Thus, indirectly (and for reasons that follow), alternation of generations must be heteromorphic—i. e. , the gametophyte and the sporophyte are morphologically distinguishable. Heteromorphy is the case with all living plants, but not true of some seedless plants in the fossil record).

Review of Traits Required for Seed Evolution (b) ** Reduction of the number of megaspore mother cells in the sporangium to one. ** Survival of only one of the four megaspores produced meiotically. ** Highly reduced megagametophyte that completes development within the megaspore wall. ** Modification of megasporangium to receive male gametophyte. ** Sexual “mobility” through the dispersion of the male gametophyte, not the male gamete. (Note also that the seed—in addition to the male gametophyte—is an agent of dispersal, whereas in non-seed plants, the spore itself is the agent of dispersal. ) ** Diminution in the size of the male gametophyte , replacement of antheridia by pollen tube.

Lecture Outline (d) 1. Phylogenetic Orientation 2. Review of Traits required for Seed Production 3. Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds 4. Gymnosperm Photo Gallery 5. Pine Life Cycle

Seed Formation: Retention of the Female Gametophyte The trend in evolution is for the reduction in the size of the female gametophyte.

Endosperm formation is absent in Gymnosperms

Nutritive tissue in Gymnosperms: Female Gametophyte

Lecture Outline (e) 1. Phylogenetic Orientation 2. Review of Traits required for Seed Production 3. Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds 4. Gymnosperm Photo Gallery 5. Pine Life Cycle

Gymnosperms: Cycadophyta (a)

Gymnosperms: Cycadophyta (b) Zamia (Coontie, Seminole Bread)

Gymnosperms: Ginkgophyta (a) Herbarium specimen

Gymnosperms: Ginkgophyta (b)

Gymnosperms: Ginkgophyta (c)

Gymnosperms: Gnetophyta (a) Welwitschia

Gymnosperms: Gnetophyta (b) Ephedra

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (a) Metasequoia

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (b) Podocarpus

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (c) Sequoia

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (d)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (e) Cypress

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (f) Cypress—buttressed roots

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (g) Cypress knees

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (h)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (i)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (j) Araucaria

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (k) Longleaf pine forest

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (l)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (m)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (n) . . . All learning is personal.

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (o)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (p)

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (q) Gum cups on gum barrel Catface caused by streaking to collect gum. Clay pot used 1903 -1920

. . . Lest we forget real people and their role in bringing plant products to us: Sylvester Copeland. Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (r)

Turpentine Still. Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (s) The original b/w photograph (from which this colorized postcard was produced) was taken near Thomasville, Georgia, 1900 -1901.

Turpentine Still. Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (t) Overview of still, showing rosin pit, firebox and cooler.

Turpentine Still. . showing the loading ramp, leading to the still. Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (u)

Long Leaf Pine Restoration Bo Chessor, Forester Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (v)

Long Leaf Pine Restoration Containerized Seedlings Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (w)

Long Leaf Pine Restoration Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (x) Derrell Tomlinson, Contractor Gloria Jean Smith dropping trees

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (y) Male cones

Gymnosperms: Coniferophyta (z) Female cones

Lecture Outline (f) 1. 2. 3. 4. Phylogenetic Orientation Review of Traits required for Seed Production Review of Monocot and Dicot Seeds Gymnosperm Photo Gallery 5. Pine Life Cycle

Pine Life Cycle

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