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全球暖化潛勢 氣體名稱 化學式 壽命(年) 特定的時間跨度的全球變暖潛能值(GWP) 20年 100年 500年 1 1 1 二氧化碳 CO 2 甲烷 CH 4 12 72 25 7. 6 氧化亞氮 N 2 O 114 289 298 153 二氯二氟 CCl 2 F 2 100 11, 000 10, 900 5, 200 二氟一氯 CHCl. F 2 12 5, 160 1, 810 549 四氟化碳 CF 4 50, 000 5, 210 7, 390 11, 200 六氟乙烷 C 2 F 6 10, 000 8, 630 12, 200 18, 200 六氟化硫 SF 6 3, 200 16, 300 22, 800 32, 600 三氟化氮 NF 3 740 12, 300 17, 200 20, 700 IPCC, 2007
研究方法 l 採用 2006版IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)國家溫室氣體清單指 南(Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories)(IPCC,2006)。
腸道發酵CH 4 GHGs排放量 豬隻數 GHGs Emissions=EF×(N/106)×GWP Kg轉換Gg 6)× 25 排放因子 =1× (370頭/10 = 0. 0093 Gg
糞便處理CH 4 GHGs排放量 GHGs Emissions=EF×(N/106)×GWP =5× (370頭/106)× 25 = 0. 0463 Gg
海運GHGs排放量計算 Emissions = (Fuel Consumedab × Emission Factorab × Diesel Thermal × Diesel Volume) / Ship Load a : Diesel Oil b : Solid IPCCBulk Days Fuel Consumed 24 day 33. 8 (Gg/day) Emission Factor Diesel Thermal 0. 0741 3. 68368 x 10 -5 (CO 2 Gg/TJ) (TJ/L) Diesel Volume Ship Load 1, 129, 944 (L/Gg) 188. 8099 Gg GHGs Emission 0. 0113 Gg
航行天數 起 訖 平均天數 21 32 18 TACOMA NEW YORK LOS ANGELES KAOHSIUNG TAIPEI 24天 以長榮海運3條由美國至臺灣航線為例
TABLE 3. 5. 6 Ship type FUEL CONSUMPTION FACTORS, FULL POWER Average Consumption(tonne/day) Consumption at full power(tonne/day) as a function of gross tonnage(GRT) Bulk Carriers Solid Bulk 33. 8 20. 186 + 0. 00049*GRT Liquid Bulk 41. 8 14. 685 + 0. 00079*GRT General Cargo 21. 3 9. 8197 + 0. 00143*GRT Container 65. 9 8. 0552 + 0. 00235*GRT Passenger/Ro-Ro/Cargo 32. 3 12. 834 + 0. 00156*GRT Passenger 70. 2 16. 904 + 0. 00198*GRT High Speed Ferry 80. 4 39. 483 + 0. 00972*GRT Inland Cargo 21. 3 9. 8197 + 0. 00143*GRT Sail Ships 3. 4 0. 4268 +0. 00100*GRT Tugs 14. 4 5. 6511 +0. 01048*GRT Fishing 5. 5 1. 9387 +0. 00448*GRT Other Ships 26. 4 9. 7126 +0. 00091*GRT All Ships 32. 8 16. 263 + 0. 001*GRT Source: Techne (1997)
TABLE 3. 5. 2 CO 2 EMISSION FACTORS kg/TJ Default Lower Upper Gasoline 69, 300 67, 500 73, 000 Other Kerosene 71, 900 70, 800 73, 600 Gas/Diesel Oil 74, 100 72, 600 74, 800 Residual Fuel Oil 77, 400 75, 500 78, 800 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 63, 100 61, 600 65, 600 Refinery Gas 57, 600 48, 200 69, 000 Paraffin Waxes 73, 300 72, 200 74, 400 White Spirit & SBP 73, 300 72, 200 74, 400 Other Petroleum Products 73, 300 72, 200 74, 400 56, 100 54, 300 58, 300 Other Oil Fuel Natural Gas
厭氧消化CH 4 GHGs排放量 。K 0. 3984 L/L 0. 082 atm·L/mole 理想氣體方程式 GHGs = (p. V = n. RT)×GWP CH 4 -4 Gg 1 atm -3 2. 61× 10 = 6. 52× 10 Gg 298 。K
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