Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Institute of Vocational

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Institute of Vocational Studies Submitted By Yogita B. Ed. I Year, Section-‘A’

Presenting…

General Objectives • The era of Delhi Sultanate is an important part of Indian history. • Students will understand the transformation of Delhi into a capital that controlled vast areas of the subcontinent. • This unit will enhance the skill of enquiry and highlight the unique features of each dynasty. • The students will also be enriched with the knowledge of achievements of the Delhi Sultan • How intermingling of Islamic and Hindu traditions resulted in the creation of art, architecture, language, literature and music. • At the end of this unit, the students will be able to compare and contrast the unique features of one dynasty with the other and also compare the present with the past

Specific Objectives The Students would be able to. KnowledgeØ Acquire knowledge about the history of India Ø Acquire knowledge about the Delhi Sultanate and Ø Its culture and Ø Rules imposed by various sultans UnderstandingØ Understand the impact of various rules on the culture and economy of Delhi Application Ø Students develop patriotism to some extent Ø Understanding of economy helps them in personal life as well Ø Unit Plan Original. docx

Introduction v. The Delhi sultanate is a noble example for the glory of ancient India. v. Its culture, art and architecture that exists even today is praiseworthy. v. The Sultans of Delhi ruled for quite a long period of 320 years during which there were achievements in different fields.

Contents v. Dynasties which ruled over Delhi. v. Slave dynasty. v. Khilji dynasty. v. Tughlaq dynasty. v. Lodi dynasty. v. Causes for the decline of Delhi sultanate

ØAfter the death of Mohammed Ghori in 1206 AD; his Indian Empire passed onto the hands of his viceroy Qutub-ud din-Aibek as he had no successors. ØHe later became the founder of the slave dynasty. ØThe Delhi Sultanate was established by Qutub-uddin-Aibek in 1206 AD. ØAltogether five dynasties from 1206 to 1526 AD formed Delhi Sultanate.

Important ruler dynasties and their founders ØSLAVE DYNASTY- Qutub-ud-din-Aibek. ØKHILJI DYNASTY- Jalal-ud-din khilji. ØTUGHLAQ DYNASTY-Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq. ØLODI DYNASTY-Bahlul Khan Lodi. A picture of the Tomb of Sikander Lodi

SLAVE DYNASTY: Ø Mohammed Ghori had left the task of administering his Indian conquest to Qutub-ud-din-Aibek-his slave. ØAfter the death of Mohammed Ghori, he declared himself the sultan of Hindustan. ØHe ruled for 4 yrs, later he was succeeded by Iltumush. ØIn turn he was succeeded by Razia begum who was killed in a battle in 1240 AD. ØBalban was the next important sultan.

KHILJI DYNASTY ØJalaluddin Khilji established Khilji dynasty. ØThe founder of Turkish dynasty, Jalaluddin Khilji was seventy when he ascended the throne. ØHe defeated the descendants of Balban, being victorious came to power. ØHe was kind hearted, mild and had faith in nature. ØAlauddin-khilji ascended the throne after killing his uncle and father-in -law, Jalaluddin-khilji.

TUGHLAQ DYNASTY Ø Ghiyas-ud-din-Tughlaq defeated &killed the last ruler of Khilji dynasty & founded Tughlaq Dyansty in 1320 AD. ØHe was succeeded by his son Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq. ØHe ruled from 1325 to 1351 AD. ØHe was a good calligraphist, scholar, writer & an orator. ØFiroz Shah Tughlaq was a powerful ruler after Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq. ØHe built a new capital at Delhi & named it Firozabad. ØHe founded the cities of Hissar, Fetehbad & Jaunpur. ØAfter the death of Firoz Shah Tughlaq the Delhi sultanate gradually declined.

LODI DYNASTY Ø Bahlul Khan Lodi was an Afghan noble who was a great soldier. ØAlam Shah voluntarily abdicated the throne to him. Ø Bahlul Khan seized the throne on April 19, 1451 with the support of his minister Hamid Khan. Ø He was the first Afghan ruler of Delhi. ØBahlul Khan extended his territories over Gwalior, Jaunpur and upper Uttar Pradesh. Ø He appointed his eldest son Barbak Shah as viceroy of Jaunpur in 1486. ØNizam Shah succeeded Bahlal Khan Lodi under the title Sikander Shah ØIbrahim lodi was the last ruler of this dynasty after whose death Delhi Sultanate came to an end and Babur laid the foundations of The Mughal Empire.

14 th Century Sultanate Culture ØSufi practice spreads in N. India – love & devotion to realize God ØBhakti movement spreads also – fundamental unity of all religions ØUrbanization spreads ØExports flourished ØCotton & silk textiles ØPaper industry ØLeather making ØPersian language is used by elite Muslims ØMetal crafts in India ØCarpet weaving ØElite culture spurs greater trade although many farmers are hurt by tax policies ØSultanate coinage in the 14 th century

Works of The Sultans ØTaxes are not standardized between rulers and widely fluctuate causing hardship ØPeasants pay 1/3 -1/2 of produce in taxes plus other types of taxes ØRebellions in the countryside ØSultans build canals and irrigation works to expand agriculture- didn’t help much ØIbn Battuta visits in the first half of the century. He is sent by the Sultan as a representative to China

Sultanate Expansion – 14 th C • Mongols try to invade 6 different times. • In the early 14 th century the Sultan travels from the north after repelling the Mongols to the south to expand his kingdom. • This conquest only lasts a very short time.

Islam in India 1206 -1290 • Delhi Sultanate founded by Turkic Mamluks employed by rulers of Afghanistan • Early rulers had to defend north from attempted Mongol invasions • Power derived from military highways, trade routes and the ability to control military and provincial Governers • Introduced copper & silver coins • Destroyed some Hindi temples to build Mosques • Many refugees arrived from Persia after the Mongol invasions bringing many skills.

Mosques Built By Sultans • Quwait-ul-Islam and Moti Masjid were the two most eminent mosques built during Delhi Sultanate • Incorporated Islamic design into India and developed new features by adapting Indian features into its design. • The minaret on the left is the tallest structure in medieval India

Sultanate in the 15 th Century • Timur invades in 1398 • Delhi Sultanate loses territory throughout the 1400’s • Increasing rebellions led by the nobles • Last ruler defeated in 1526 by invading Mughals.

Sultanate Legacy Ø Protected India from being ravaged by the Mongols Ø Maintained social separateness from Hindus Ø Introduced new art and architectural styles into India Ø Facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean due to elite culture demands Ø Ultimately failed due to constant rebellions of Muslim nobles and Hindu peasants

Causes For The Decline Of Delhi Sultanate v There was no definite law of succession, after the death of each sultan , the situation gave rise to many civil wars. v The nobles became the king makers & controlled the weak sultans. v Jagir system gave rise to disintegration that weakened the kingdom. v The invasion of Timur & Babur was the main cause for the downfall of the Delhi sultanate.

Let’s Sum Up

Evaluation • Who is accredited with the foundation of Delhi Sultanate? • Name the first dynasty of Delhi sultanate? • Who was the founder of the first dynasty? Why it is known as Ilbari (slave dynasty)? • Name the king who did not allow to laugh in his court? • Which king introduced Navroze festival to his court? Which dynasty he belonged to? • Amir Khusrau and Mir Hassan Dehlvi were the contemporaries of which emperor? • Name the first Afghan dynasty? • Painting reached its zenith during the rule of which emperor? • Which was the last dynasty of Delhi Sultanate? Also name its last ruler

Conclusion: The Delhi sultanate was a lengthy chapter with detailed study of five dynasties which is difficult to remember. This project will help the students to remember better due to its attractive effects. “ONE TIME SEEING IS BETTER THAN THOUSAND TIMES OF LISTENING”.

Sources and Their Evaluation