Gulf Pollutants The Rivers Types of pollution Pointsource

Gulf Pollutants: The Rivers

Types of pollution • Point-source: identifiable • Pipe, ditch, factory, or smokestack • (CSO) Combined Sewage Overflow • (CAFO) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations • Non-point source: Multiple sources • Runoff • Urban- Vehicles, construction • Rural- Agricultural practices NOAA. gov

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Mississippi River • The MS watershed is the 4 th largest in the world • ~40% of the continental US • Agriculture has been the dominant land use in the MS River basin for the past 200 years (NPS, 2018). • Development is ever-increasing • Near the River/watershed- industry and urbanization • On the river- floods and navigation

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Connecting to the Gulf • Hypoxic “Dead Zone”- eutrophication • Nutrient pollution from the MS watershed • Other NPS • Bonnet Carre Spillway • Short-term vs Long term (usace. army. mil) • Silt and “natural” flow of nutrients

Effects on the Shore • Fishermen • Work • Coastal residents • Property • Tourists • Travel

Effects in the Deeps • Bacteria • Fish • Death or relocation • Potential for algal blooms and pathogens • Overall loss of biodiversity and recovery • Above and Below the water

Plans • NOAA hypoxic zone forecast • Improved prediction= better correlations • National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences • 2008 Action Plan- Reduce N and P by 45% • MS river collaborative • Monitor Clean Water Act enforcement and Assess impacts of laws

Issues • Nutrient Reduction Strategies are voluntary • States are tasked with enforcing proper waste treatment • Non-point source pollution is an accumulation • The 2008 plan- <1, 900 square miles hypoxic zone • 2019 ~8, 876

Individual Contributions • Pressure government • Education • Personal conservation • Water • Industrial products • Waste

Works cited US Department of Commerce, & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2004, December 19). Nonpoint Source Pollution. Retrieved from https: //oceanservice. noaa. gov/education/kits/pollution/04 nonpointsource. html US Department of Commerce, & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2004, December 19). https: //www. noaa. gov/media-release/noaa-forecasts-very-large-dead-zone-for-gulf -of-mexico US Department of Commerce, & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2004, December 19). Nonpoint Source Pollution. Retrieved from https: //oceanservice. noaa. gov/education/kits/pollution/04 nonpointsource. html Mississippi River Facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. nps. gov/miss/riverfacts. htm Home. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. mvn. usace. army. mil/Missions/Mississippi-River-Flood -Control/Bonnet-Carre-Spillway-Overview/Spillway-Operation-Information/