Guinness Book of Records 2004 117 MBytess CA

Guinness Book of Records 2004 117 MBytes/s CA to NL 3 GBytes/s from SC 03 1 st N. American web site China on Internet Ba. Bar takes 1 st data Ba. Bar data exceeds PB, Largest database in world

Linear x axis

Bandwidth of a 747 • Fully load 747 with 40 GB DLT tapes and fly from California to Geneva in 10 hours is ~ 2 -4 Tbits/s. However the latency is closer to 2 weeks (30 time longer or closer to 6 -12 Gbits/s), by the time one has removed the tape from the silo, packaged it up, had it picked up and delivered to airport, flown, go through customs, delivered to lab, unpackaged, inserted in silo, read etc. Also using the network people power required (typically 2 people at sending Lab organizing etc. ) is dramatically reduced, it is automateable, errors are dealt wit automatically (dealing with mis-aligned tape heads, tape errors etc. is a major headache). It also provides the remote researcher with the data within a day of when it was recorded rather than 2 weeks, which makes the researcher feel more part of the experiment.

1 CD=700 MBytes 1 DVD=4. 7 GBytes Media 2 ins A stack of 38 CDs or DVDs = 2 inches = 26 GBytes (CD) = 180 GBytes (DVD) 1 mile of CDs = 0. 84 PB SLAC Objectivity database = 1 PByte ~ 1 mile of CDs! or 5 Empire State buildings end to end

Library of Congress Holds 10 TBytes At a Gbits/s can transmit in under a day At 10 Gbits/s can transmit in ~ 2 hours

Bandwidth needed for applications • • • Speed Functionality 100 kbps Fast Internet & email, games, voice 1 Mbps Music 1. 5 Mbps Broadcast-quality MPEG-II video 10 Mbps One (limited) HDTV channel & two basic channels • 50 Mbps Full HDTV support; off-site computing storage • Source: Gartner Dataquest, June 2002

Example of use for Medicine • Radiation oncology for each patient visit (e. g. a mammogram, 2 views, 2 breasts, 4 Kx 16 bits / picture) between 100 and 500 MBytes of data are collected • 3 M women with mammograms in UK alone, 400 TBytes/year for UK • Today often saved as film and diskettes. • Costs savings: e. g. in storage space, and labor to keep it organized, automated digital library can scale to larger numbers of patients • Better patient care: ability to share images in real-time with distributed experts, • Mine information for better clues on treatments

Digital Divide • SLAC/HENP/Do. E provided first permanent Internet connection to mainland China, 1994 – Opened up China, politically, commerce etc. • SLAC currently provides the most widespread measurements of Internet performance to developing countries

Bringing the Internet to China • Needed to support US collaborators using new accelerator in Beijing • Installed 64 kbps satellite link from SLAC to Beijing – Started in April 1991 – Final connection May 1994 – First web page in China

First US Web Site Dec 12, 1991 Early web page “Killer application” online access to HENP library databases without requiring an account