GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Presented by Syed Amir

GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Presented by Syed Amir Abbas

GSM TOWARD LTE COURSE OUTLINE

TOPICS n Module-1 § § § n Module-2 § § n Introduction of Communication and Wireless Concepts History of Communication Telecommunication Basics Frequency, Range of Wireless Frequency Channel Concept Multiple Access Concepts and its types Cellular Generation Wireless Concepts 1 st Generation of Cellular Communication (AMPS, TACS) 2 nd Generation of TDMA , GSM 3 rd Generation WCDMA 4 th Generation LTE Module-3 GSM Architecture § § MS BSS NSS Interfaces, Protocols

TOPICS n Module-4 GSM Channel Concepts § § n Module-5 Cell Planning Concepts § § n Module-6 § § n GSM Channels Physical and Logical Channels Module-7 Cell Planning Basic Cell Planning Tools , TEMPS NSS/BSS Hardware and Software MSC HLR STP BSC DATA Calls § § HSCSD GPRS Data Call Path, SGSN and GGSN Hardware

TOPICS n Module-8 Call paths § § n Module-9 Mobile Packet Backbone Network § § n Postpaid to Paid calls Postpaid to Prepaid calls Operator to Operator Calls Mobile to PTCL calls Module-10 OSI layer IP Fundamentals IP Routing , Protocols MPLS Requirement in Telecom GSM Evolution Path § § § GSM Towards LTE Architecture S-GWS, MME, e. Node

CONVERGE NETWORKS

TELCOMMUNICATIOM EVOLUTION

WIRELESS ACCESS EVOLUTION Subscribers § New Services § Efficiency § Voice Quality § Portability § Coverage § Mobility Voice § Capacity § Data Service Broadband § More Data Services required § Broadband § Network Simplification § Cost of Ownership

GENERATIONS OF MOBILE 2007 1 G 2 G 2. 5 G 3 G te 3 G+ a R a t Da Fixed Net. Works 900 MHz Voice 1984 -1996+ 900 MHz 1800 MHz Voice/Data 1992 -1998 900 -1800 MHz 900 -1800 -1900 MHz Voice, Camera Smart Phone Tiny Internet Video, Internet… 1999 -2005+ 9

WHAT IS TELECOMMUNICATION ? n Telecommunication means to change information into electronic signals for remote transmission and switching. n Fast Deployment n Saving Transmission cost. n Easy and Fast Access.

FREQUENCY “ The frequency of a radio wave is the number of times that the wave oscillates per second. " q q q FM Radio : 100 MHz Approx. Television : 300 MHz Approx. Mobile Networks : 300 – 2000 MHz Approx.

BANDWIDTH n n n In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range (or band) of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium. In this usage, bandwidth is expressed in terms of the difference between the highest-frequency signal component and the lowest-frequency signal component. Bandwidth = Highest freq – Lowest Freq

CHANNELS n A Channel is a frequency or set of frequency which can be allocated for the transmission and reception of information. n Types Of Communication Channels.

WHAT IS MULTIPLE ACCESS n Simultaneous private use of a transmission medium by multiple independent users is called Multiple Access. n Advantages Of Multiple Access • • • Increased capacity Reduced capital requirement Decreased per user expense

FDMA, TDMA & CDMA n n n n FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different frequency A channel is a frequency TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Each user on a different window period in time slot. CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) Each user uses the same frequency all the time but mixed with different distinguished code patterns.

TRANSMISSION RATE n Average rate of Transmission is called speed of transmission. n Rate of data at which data flows through a network.

PATH LOSS n Path loss (or path attenuation) is the reduction in power density (attenuation) of an electromagnetic wave. n It is used link budget. n example, as the mobile station moves away from the base transceiver station.

SHADOWING n It is due to obstacles in Wireless communication. n A shadow is an area where direct waves from a source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object.

SECRETES OF UPGRADES n Maximize n n Efficient used of spectrum (FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA) Power Efficiency-------Battery Minimize n n Complexity Mobile handset should be sample and easy to use Cost Most important part , the success story of China

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM

GSM FREQUENCY CONCEPTS

FREQUENCY BEND

PRIMARY GSM

E-GSM

DCS -1800

PCS-1900

GSM FREQUENCY BEND

CELLULAR GENERATIONS n n First Generation Wireless : Analog Second Generation Wireless (2 G): Digital Second Generation Wireless + (2 G+): More Data Third Generation Wireless (3 G): q n Universal Global Wireless Voice and Data System Worldwide Effort Toward 3 G q International Standard Underway: IMT-2000

1 st GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEM n Widespread introduction in early 1980 s. n Analogue modulation. n Frequency division multiple access. n Voice traffic only. n No inter-network roaming possible. n Insecure air interface. n Examples : q AMPS (Advance mobile Phone System, American based, 800 MHz) q TACS (Total Access Communications System, UK based, 900 MHz) q C-450 (German standard, 450 MHz) q JTACS (Japanese Total Access Communications System, 900 MHz). 29

2 nd GENERATION OF CELLULAR NETWORKS n Widespread introduction in 1990 s. n Use digital modulation. n Variety of multiple access strategies. n More efficient use of radio spectrum. n International roaming capability. n Secure air interface. n Compatibility with ISDN. 30

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n A GSM system is made up of three subsystems: q q q n The mobile station (MS) The Base station subsystem (BSS) The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include: q q q “A” interface between NSS and BSS “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS) “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS 31

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n Main components of GSM q q q The mobile station (MS) BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC) MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR, . . ) BTS BSC MSC

Abis Interface 33

GSM NETWORK / DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW / 2 G NETWORK MS (Mobile Station) MS RF department BTS BSS (Base Station System) BSC PSTN, ISDN. . . MSC NSS Voicemail Server SM-SC VLR HLR Au. C OMC NMC RAN department Transmission department (Network Switching Subsystem) EIR NSS department OMM(Operations & Maintenance GSM interfaces Management) X. 25 links

GSM system Signaling transmission Call connections and signaling transmission SS AUC Switching Systems Other Networks BSS Base Station Systems VL R HL R GMSC EIR NMC and OMC BSC BTS GSMOverview 00/35 MS

GSM Call Setup 36

AUC HLR n MS BTS BSC HLR MSC VLR AUC n EIR n SMSC Centre VMS Voice Messaging System Pre. Paid Node Hosting prepaid service system IN Intelligent Network services PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange n BSC n n n VMS Pre. Paid Node EIR MSC/VLR Warid SMSC n n INTERNET Telenore n n n PSTN Mobilink MSC w Mobile Station = phone + SIM card Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller Home Location Register Mobile services Switching Centre Visitor Location Register Authentication Centre Stand-alone or integrated in HLR Equipment Identity Register For blacklisting stolen and unwanted equipment Short Message Service ”Support” BSC 37

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 38

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 39

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 40

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 41

BSC Base Station Controller n n The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config. ) 42

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 43

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 44

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 45

n n n Checks A number. To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) Example : A subscriber has prepaid number. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 46

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 47

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 48

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 49

n n Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. Pre. Paid Node 50

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 51

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 52

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 53

n n Where is the B subscriber? MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC Mobile Switching Centre 54

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 55

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 56

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 57

n n HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i. e. which VLR) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) HLR Home Location Register 58

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 59

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 60

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 61

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 62

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 63

n Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for Bsubscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 64

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 65

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 66

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 67

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 68

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 69

n n ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it. ’ HLR Home Location Register 70

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 71

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 72

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 73

n n ’Thank you, HLR!’ Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 74

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 75

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 76

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 77

n n Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 78

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 79

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 80

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 81

n n BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. BSC Base Station Controller 82

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 83

Thanks