GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Lecture 2 CELLULAR GENERATIONS

CELLULAR GENERATIONS n n First Generation Wireless : Analog Second Generation Wireless (2 G):

1 st GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEM n Widespread introduction in early 1980 s. n Analogue

2 nd GENERATION OF CELLULAR NETWORKS n Widespread introduction in 1990 s. n Use

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n A GSM system is made up of three subsystems: q

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n Main components of GSM q q q The mobile station

GSM NETWORK / DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW / 2 G NETWORK MS (Mobile Station) MS RF

GSM system Signaling transmission Call connections and signaling transmission SS AUC Switching Systems Other

AUC HLR n MS BTS BSC HLR MSC VLR AUC n EIR n SMSC

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed

BSC Base Station Controller n n The call request reaches the BSC from the

n n n Checks A number. To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B

n n Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? When the

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed

n n Where is the B subscriber? MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home

n n HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I

n Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for Bsubscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile

n n ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’I will send this address to the

n n ’Thank you, HLR!’ Speech connection path will set up now towards the

n n Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC

n n BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it

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GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Lecture # 2

CELLULAR GENERATIONS n n First Generation Wireless : Analog Second Generation Wireless (2 G): Digital Second Generation Wireless + (2 G+): More Data Third Generation Wireless (3 G): q n Universal Global Wireless Voice and Data System Worldwide Effort Toward 3 G q International Standard Underway: IMT-2000

1 st GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEM n Widespread introduction in early 1980 s. n Analogue modulation. n Frequency division multiple access. n Voice traffic only. n No inter-network roaming possible. n Insecure air interface. n Examples : q AMPS (Advance mobile Phone System, American based, 800 MHz) q TACS (Total Access Communications System, UK based, 900 MHz) q C-450 (German standard, 450 MHz) q JTACS (Japanese Total Access Communications System, 900 MHz). 3

2 nd GENERATION OF CELLULAR NETWORKS n Widespread introduction in 1990 s. n Use digital modulation. n Variety of multiple access strategies. n More efficient use of radio spectrum. n International roaming capability. n Secure air interface. n Compatibility with ISDN. 4

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n A GSM system is made up of three subsystems: q q q n The mobile station (MS) The Base station subsystem (BSS) The Network and switching subsystem (NSS) The interfaces defined between each of these sub systems include: q q q “A” interface between NSS and BSS “Abis” interface between BSC and BTS (Within the BSS) “Um” air interface between the BSS and the MS 5

GSM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW n Main components of GSM q q q The mobile station (MS) BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC) MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR, . . ) BTS BSC MSC

Abis Interface 7

GSM NETWORK / DEPARTMENT OVERVIEW / 2 G NETWORK MS (Mobile Station) MS RF department BTS BSS (Base Station System) BSC PSTN, ISDN. . . MSC NSS Voicemail Server SM-SC VLR HLR Au. C OMC NMC RAN department Transmission department (Network Switching Subsystem) EIR NSS department OMM(Operations & Maintenance GSM interfaces Management) X. 25 links

GSM system Signaling transmission Call connections and signaling transmission SS AUC Switching Systems Other Networks BSS Base Station Systems VL R HL R GMSC EIR NMC and OMC BSC BTS GSMOverview 00/9 MS

GSM Call Setup 10

AUC HLR n MS BTS BSC HLR MSC VLR AUC n EIR n SMSC Centre VMS Voice Messaging System Pre. Paid Node Hosting prepaid service system IN Intelligent Network services PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange n BSC n n n VMS Pre. Paid Node EIR MSC/VLR Warid SMSC n n INTERNET Telenore n n n PSTN Mobilink MSC w Mobile Station = phone + SIM card Base Transceiver Station Base Station Controller Home Location Register Mobile services Switching Centre Visitor Location Register Authentication Centre Stand-alone or integrated in HLR Equipment Identity Register For blacklisting stolen and unwanted equipment Short Message Service ”Support” BSC 11

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 12

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 13

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 14

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 15

BSC Base Station Controller n n The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and is forwarded to MSC. After call is established, the BSC will perform decoding of the call (in typical config. ) 16

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 17

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 18

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 19

n n n Checks A number. To whom is A subscriber calling? (Checks B number) Example : A subscriber has prepaid number. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 20

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 21

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 22

BSC VMS HLR EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 23

n n Does the A subscriber have money left on his/her account? When the call is established and on-going the subscriber’s account is decremented accordingly. Pre. Paid Node 24

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 25

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 26

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 27

n n Where is the B subscriber? MSC interrogates in HLR. (HLR = Home Location Register) MSC Mobile Switching Centre 28

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 29

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 30

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 31

n n HLR says ’I am the home of the B subscriber and I know where he/she is right now’ (i. e. which VLR) Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number) HLR Home Location Register 32

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 33

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 34

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 35

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 36

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 37

n Hosting MSC/VLR returns TEMPORARILY assigned visitor/roaming address for Bsubscriber to HLR. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 38

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 39

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 40

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 41

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 42

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 43

n n ’Thanks for the visitor address!’ ’I will send this address to the MSC that requested for it. ’ HLR Home Location Register 44

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 45

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 46

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 47

n n ’Thank you, HLR!’ Speech connection path will set up now towards the MSC/VLR where the B subscriber is presently located. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 48

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 49

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 50

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 51

n n Sets up a speech connection towards BSC. Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks to page for the subscriber using that ID. MSC Mobile Switching Centre 52

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 53

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 54

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 55

n n BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the BTSs that it covers/controls. Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back to MSC. Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH for called MS. Performs SPEECH CODING when call is established. BSC Base Station Controller 56

HLR BSC VMS EIR Voicemail Pre. Paid MSC IN SMSC INTERNET MSC PSTN Fixed Network BSC PSTN PABX International 57

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