GRT Background The last 50 years have seen

GRT - Background • • • The last 50 years have seen remarkable increases in the demand for moving people and goods. The surface transportation system has been under pressure to sustain the substantial increase in heavy truck and personal traffic volume levels. Considerable annual expenditures worldwide are allocated for developing the transportation infrastructure, including urban roads and highways. GRT provides products to build new, upgrade unpaved, and maintain existing roads. All intellectual property relating to GRT products is wholly owned by GRT.

Major Milestones 2008 Forestry Plantations Queensland Roads 2009 BC Iron– Western Australia (WA) Roads 2009 BHP Billiton– Mt Whaleback WA Hardstand 2009 Papua New Guinea (PNG) Roads 2009 Fortescue Mines (WA) Roads 2010 Rio Tinto – Tom Price Mine WA Roads 2010 PNG Highlands – Remote Villages Roads 2010 Canada – Environment Canada Approvals 2011 PNG – National Road Program Potholes 2011 PNG – National Road Program Roads 2011 Entered Markets of Indonesia, India, East Timor 2011 Expanded Laboratory Testings Facilities 2011 Expanded Design & Project Management Capability

Major Milestones 2012 Wandoan – British Gas Stabilisation 2012 BHP Mitsubishi Alliance – Dust suppression Haul roads 2012 BMA Stabilisation 2012 Pearls India – Maharashtra local government roads 2012 Bundaberg 2012 Mt Isa Council Dust Suppression 2012 Gladstone Harbour - AGJV Stabilisation Trials 2012 BHP Olympic Dam mine Road Repairs 2012 Remploy Mt Isa Dust Suppression 2012 South Walker creek mine Pothole Repairs 2012 Peabody Mining – Wilkie Creek Stabilisation & Suppression 2012 Paradise Dam Project Stabilisation & Suppression

An innovative formula for instant infrastructure

GRT – Dust Suppression GRT 8000 Untreated Road Surface Treated Road Surface

Dust Suppression Installation • • • GRT 8000 has an initial three stage application process over three days that creates a surface layer which is semi-impervious to water and also provides the dust attenuation outcome. Longevity of the application is in directly proportion to traffic, loading, and insitu material conditions. Further applications of GRT 8000 are typically budgeted to be applied periodically as required to meet wearing rates according to operational and environmental conditions. The below project has demanding conditions of more than 200 semi trailer water trucks per day on a road formation of White Gravel & Black Cotton Soil (clay) blend road through flat terrain of poor drainage with propensity of flooding. Initial Treatment of three applications at 2 x 150 m. L /m 2 and 1 x 200 m. L /m 2 totaling 500 m. L /m 2. The estimated maintenance requirement per annum being five (5) additional coats at 100 m. L /m 2 each application after the initial treatment. Note: Each situation is different and roads may require less or more maintenance as required. Therefore a total budget of 0. 5 L of GRT 8000 per m 2 to maintain the section per year; giving rise to a total budget of 1. 0 L of GRT 8000 /m 2 for the first year. Note: The road surface prior to application of GRT 8000 is best to be in a condition of reasonable cut, trim, and compacted surface with water before application.

GRT Road Construction Description: Governor Powers Parkop GRT Wildlife Road section trial section, Port Moresby PNG Construction Phases 1. Trim existing road to profile. 2. Add imported material as required formation. 3. Run stabiliser through area 4. Spray GRT 9000 per dosage over width of treatment area to OMC. 5. Run stabiliser through area twice 6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture as required. 7. Compact with static drum roller. 8. Final trim and multi tyre roller 9. 2 -coat chip seal GRT 8000 10. Final compact multi tyred roller.

GRT – Cost Summary (QLD, AU) Conventional Construction Sub-Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact $18/m 2 Base: Import, Supply, Place, Compact ……………………. . $14/m 2 1 Coat Asphalt Seal……………. $xx/m 2 Total Rate……………. . $32/m 2 Project………………. $1. 12 m GRT Construction Sub-base: Insitu material blend and compact $ NIL Base: Insitu /or import supply, Blend & Compact ………………………. . $22/m 2 1 Coat GRT Seal……………. $xx/m 2 Total Rate…………………$22/m 2 Project…………………. . $770 k

GRT Products - Stabilisation GRT 7000 (clear) • • White liquid Polymer based on Alkyl Acrylatestyrene copolymer Specific Gravity: 1. 02 g/cm 3 Recommended for use in applications where: – Visual environmental impact is a high significance – visual appearance to be natural soils finish GRT 9000 (black) • • Black liquid Polymer-Bitumen based on Copolymer base ingredients Specific Gravity: 1. 02 g/cm 3 Recommended for use in applications where: – General Road building and integration is significant – Visual appearance to be natural or black finish

Products – Dust Suppression/Seal GRT 8000 c (clear) • • White liquid Polymer based on Styrene Carboxylated hybrid polymer Specific Gravity: 1. 02 g/cm 3 Recommended for use in applications where: – Visual environmental impact is a high significance – visual appearance to be natural soils finish GRT 8000 (black) • • Black liquid Polymer-Bitumen based on Styrene Carboxylated hybrid polymer Specific Gravity: 1. 02 g/cm 3 Recommended for use in applications where: – General Road building and integration is significant – Visual appearance to be standard black road finish

GRT Products – Toxicology Study GRT completed Toxicology Testing for GRT 7000 and GRT 9000: – An acute toxicity test with stock solution of GRT 7000 and GRT 9000 at ratios of (1: 1000), (5: 1000) and (10: 1000) was done with P. reticulata – In order to determine the in situ field impacts of GRT 7000 and GRT 9000 acute toxicity screening tests, with P. reticulata were done on soil leachate of 1 soil sample compacted, cured and treated with GRT 9000 as well as a control which was not treated. The results can be summarised for the acute toxicity test on stock solution as follows: – Acute toxicity tests indicated that without adjusting PH the stock solution of GRT 7000 and GRT 9000 at 0. 1%, 0. 5% and 1% was not harmful to the P. reticulata in 2 ltrs of water after 72 hr period. From the above mentioned results the following conclusions can be made: – Results of the soil leachate tests. Using P. reticulata , indicated that GRT 7000 and GRT 9000 is not toxic for a typical material stabilised with these product when broken down and placed in 2 ltrs of water. • • • 100% SURVIVAL RATE OF P. RETICULATA IN GRT TREATEMENTS FULL REPORT AVAILABLE IN TECHNICAL MANUAL UPON REQUEST BACTERIAL REPORT (E-COLI; TFC; SPC; SALMONELLA) IN TECH-MANUAL

Design Approaches • • GRT conforms to designs to standards including: Aust. Roads, AASHTO, and others. Typically, structural design approaches to flexible pavement are empirical in nature. However limitations of the empirical approach are becoming increasingly obvious with developments in the transportation system and increased knowledge in the fields of pavement mechanics and material science. Premature failures of asphalt overlays within few years of construction are not uncommon, and the need for a more comprehensive mechanistic pavement design model has been recognized. Despite efforts by researchers in the last decades to enhance the mechanistic part of the design, no fully satisfactory, comprehensive alternative to the empirical approach has been found. Research conducted by the Directorate for Transportation of the European Commission, in the late 1990 s, to evaluate existing advanced analytical pavement design models, showed that the output varied considerably from model to model Now there is a major effort to develop a new AASHTO Design Guide, with a potential to address the specific effects of the environment and traffic on the materials that relates its structural response to a realistic pavement performance. GRT is working with leading Pavement Design Engineers to provide a GRT Mechanistic Design Tool to optimise GRT treated Roads.

GRT Testing – CBR Performance RESULTS PROVIDED BY CLIENTS’ REGISTERED LABS TO NATIONAL STANDARDS 160 GRT retains up to 80% of Dry strength in a Soaked Test 140 120 100 80 60 40 Untreated - Soaked 20 Treated - Soaked 0 Project 1 Project Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road Project 2 Soil Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road Unprocessed Grey Mudstone from Kefanga Mix Kamaliki sub-base (Base B) + capping from Kefanga - grey mudstone Papua New Guinea - Nupuru to Okapa Road 40 mm crushed Kamaliki sub base Australia – Dalby, Shultz’s Road Pilot Black Soil & White Gravel insitu blend Project 3 Project 4 Untreated Soaked (4 days) Treated Soaked (4 days) 53 94 (GRT 7000) 45 65 27 140 (GRT 7000) 149 (GRT 7000) 95* (GRT 9000) *FIELD DCP TESTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH 2 HRS SOAKAGE AFTER FLOODS IN AREA

GRT Testing – Mpa Soak 4 Days 1. 50 L 3, 186 1, 625 51% Series 2 21 L 1. 61 L 3, 216 1, 640 51% Series 2 a 32 L 2. 41 L 3, 550 2, 250 63% Series 2 b 37 L 2. 75 L 3, 950 2, 800 71% Series 3 43 L 3. 21 L 4, 255 3, 251 76% Series 3 a 47 L 3. 50 L 4, 500 3, 700 82% Series 3 b 54 L 4. 02 L 4, 725 4, 100 87% Series 4 64 L 4. 82 L 4, 968 4, 527 91% 1 Series 6, 000 Series 1 a 5, 000 Series 2 4, 000 Series 2 a 3, 000 Series 2 b 2, 000 Series 3 1, 000 Series 3 a 0 Dry MPa Wet MPa Series 3 b Series 4 4, 000 3, 000 2, 000 1, 000 0 Series 4 20 L Series 3 b 0% Series 1 a Series 3 a % Retain Series 3 0 Series 2 b Wet MPa 813 Series 2 a Dry MPa 0. 00 L Wet MPa 5, 000 Series 2 L / m 2 0 L Dry MPa Series 1 a L/m 3 Series 1 6, 000 Series 1 QLD TRANSPORT & MAIN ROADS TEST REPORT: A 6154 GRT 9000 WITH CBR 35 MATERIAL

GRT – Typical Pavement Dosage DOSAGE OF LITRES PER SQUARE METRE FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN TO MEET REQUIRED RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH MPa FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN TREATED PAVEMENT DEPTH (m) Application of GRT Stabiliser GRT 9000 in L / m 2 1. 50 L 1. 75 L 2. 00 L 2. 50 L 2. 75 L 3. 00 L 3. 50 L 4. 00 L 5. 00 L 6. 00 L 7. 00 L 0. 050 0. 075 0. 100 0. 125 0. 150 0. 175 0. 200 BELOW DESIGN MINIMUM ROAD SHOULDER STABILISER DRY/ARID CLIMATE DESIGN GENERAL PURPOSE SUBTROPIC HEAVY VEHICLE TROPICAL ULTRA HEAVY AND FLOODING <50% 50 -69% 70% 75< LEGEND: WET STRENGTH PERCENTAGE RETENTION OF DRY STRENGTH TREATED DEPTH TREATED DEPTH 0. 050 m 0. 075 m 0. 100 m 0. 125 m 0. 150 m 0. 175 m 0. 200 m ARID/LIGHT TRAFFIC NEW STANDARD HEAVY VEHICLES 1. 5 L/m 2 2. 75 L/m 2 3. 5 L/m 2 4. 25 L/m 2 4. 75 L/m 2 5. 5 L/m 2 1. 75 L/m 2 2. 75 L/m 2 3. 5 L/m 2 4. 5 L/m 2 5. 25 L/m 2 6. 25 L/m 2 7 L/m 2 2 L/m 2 3 L/m 2 4 L/m 2 5 L/m 2 6 L/m 2 7 L/m 2 8 L/m 2 WET/HAUL 2. 5 L/m 2 4 L/m 2 5 L/m 2 6. 5 L/m 2 7. 5 L/m 2 9 L/m 2 10 L/m 2

Case Study – Regional Highway Indicative Cross Sections Estimate Required Thickness for ESAL 2. 5 for Life 20 yrs @ R 80% • Conventional 533 mm – Sub-base, Base A&B >406 mm – Surface course >130 mm • GRT 185 mm – Treat Sub-base >120 mm – Surface course >65 mm – Significant cost savings in Time & Machinery plus single pass with CBR 25 material treated and rolled Each Road is different and all projects require individual design by Civil Engineers

Case Study Palm Plantation Stage 1 • 4 of 60 km Haul Roads required rating of 16 t/axle • 10 of 350 km Access Roads required rating 3 t/axle • Another Soil Stabilisation product had been used on the Main Roads & Access Roads • The product used was a sulphate product • The intense wet season destabilised the roads • GRT was requested to conduct tests on the soil and seek a solution using GRT product

Condition of Road at Inspection After the first wet season roads had significant Deformation Operators Deemed Road to be Non-Trafficable due to failure

GRT Laboratory Testing - Soak Sample Untreated Sample Treated with GRT 9000

Soak Test at 0 Hours Untreated already breaking up Treated sample unaffected

Soak Test at 3 Hours Untreated completely collapsed Treated sample unaffected

Soak Test at 16 Hours Untreated completely collapsed Treated sample unaffected

Case Study - Roads Access Roads at Inspection Access Roads after Installation

GRT - Pilot Project Recommendations Specific • State a defined outcome/result • Be precise Measurable • Quantifiable • Define reasonable criteria for success Achievable • Within the capabilities of the products but challenging • Comparable with objectives for other systems • Within available resources (time and/or money) • Appropriate resource should be in place Relevant • Directly linked to the objectives and priorities • Appropriate to current and future developments Time-framed • Set a date for completion • Identified as medium or long-term • Part of a series of phased dates for long-term. Strategic Actions Typical outputs that might be expected from this stage include: • Communication plan – Publicity, Reports etc. • Lessons learnt • Input to standards • Maintenance plan • Handover documentation • Business plan review • Risk review. • Further Projects scheduled

GRT Pilot Project – Road Stabilisation The Pilot Project at Shultz’s Road, Ducklow, QLD. required 200+ Semi-Trailer water trucks, plus many Bdouble trucks daily, and drill rigs to be trafficable in all weather to mitigate down time of drilling operations. (Drill rigs were ultimately trafficked along this road in flood conditions). Road Was Unsealed White Rock 70 mm over Cotton Black Soil Treatment to blended 50: 50 White Rock & Black Soil with 2. 5 L GRT 9000 per square metre with seal coat of GRT 8000. Construction Phases Standard Procedure modified to utilise grader mixing in lieu of stabilising machine 1. Rip to depth and widen existing road to profile with grader as required. 2. Add imported material as required formation to repair and/or upgrade. 3. Run stabiliser through area to be treated in section 4. Spray GRT 9000 per dosage over width of treatment area to OMC. 5. Run stabiliser through area twice 6. Trim surface with grader adding surface moisture as required. 7. Compact with static drum roller. 8. Final trim 9. Spray seal coat GRT 8000 10. Final compact multi tyred roller.

Pilot Project - Completed • Road Condition before • Road Condition after • Road Condition during heavy rain, normally closed in similar conditions

Pilot Project – Project Procedure • Initial Application of GRT 9000 • Grader turning/mixing GRT 9000 into insitu material GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.

Pilot Project – Project Procedure • Further application of GRT 9000 to grader turned Insitu material

Pilot Project – Project Procedure • Spreading windrow of GRT 9000 blended material with Grader • Rolling trimmed road with drum roller GRT recommends use of stabilisation machine for mixing GRT products into materials. Use of a grader should be last resort for mixing product and should always be undertaken under the supervision of GRT Technical Personnel.

Pilot Project – Project Procedure • Close up of finished road • Freshly finished

Pilot Project - Completed • Road Condition when cured • Road Condition after Traffic • Road Condition during heavy rain normally closed in similar conditions

Case Study - Roads Control Test: Test site 7 was untreated and used as Control White Rock untreated retained CBR 30% Cotton Black Soil untreated retained average of 13% All testing onsite was with only 2 hrs of soakage

Case Study - Roads

Case Study - Roads

Broken Roads Leads to Broken Communities

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