Grp Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per

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Grp _ Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 H P(+)= N(o)= Li

Grp _ Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 H P(+)= N(o)= Li You should have this stapled and complete in your notes! Grp _ Be Grp _ _ B C Grp Grp _ _ _ N O F Grp _ He P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of _____ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of _____ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit

7 rows = 7 PERIODSmeans up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18 columns

7 rows = 7 PERIODSmeans up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18 columns = 18 GROUPS G 1 P 1 G 2 G 13 P 2 G 3 P 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 G 9 G 10 G 11 G 14 G 18 G 15 G 16 G 17 G 12 P 4 P 5 G 3 P 6 P 7 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3.

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18 columns = 18 GROUPS G 1 P 1 G 2 G 13 P 2 G 3 P 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 G 9 G 10 G 11 G 14 G 18 G 15 G 12 P 4 P 5 P 6 P 7 G 3 But WHY are there ONLY 2 elements in PERIOD 1 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3. G 16 G 17

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)= B C N O ONLY UP TO 2 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN THE FIRST INNERMOST ORBIT F P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)= B C N O After this inner orbit is filled, the NEXT electrons have to go onto the second Al Si P S orbit! P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= F P(+)= N(o)= Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18 columns = 18 GROUPS G 1 P 1 G 2 G 13 P 2 G 3 P 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 G 9 G 10 G 11 G 14 G 18 G 15 G 12 P 4 P 5 G 3 P 6 P 7 But WHY are there ONLY 8 elements in PERIOD 2 All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3. G 16 G 17

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)= B C N O ONLY UP TO 8 ELECTRONS CAN FIT IN the SECOND ORBIT F P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)=

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg P(+)= N(o)= B C N O ONCE YOU GET PAST 10 ELECTRONS, THE NEXT 8 FILL UP THE 3 rd ORBIT F P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18

7 rows = 7 PERIODS means up to 7 ORBITS of ELECTRONS (-) 18 columns = 18 GROUPS G 1 P 1 G 2 G 13 P 2 G 3 P 3 G 4 G 5 G 6 G 7 G 8 G 9 G 10 G 11 G 14 G 18 G 15 G 12 P 4 P 5 G 3 P 6 P 7 THAT’S WHY THERE ARE ONLY 8 ELEMENTS IN PERIOD 3 TOO! All these elements squish into periods 6 & 7, and under group 3. G 16 G 17

I will assign your table groups different elements to model. Grab an atom kit

I will assign your table groups different elements to model. Grab an atom kit and get into your table groups of 2 -4. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ON YOUR SHEET TO PLACE YOUR ELECTRONS(-) IN THE CORRECT ORBITS!!!.

BE READY TO COME UP HEAR AND SHOW YOUR RESULTS I’LL DO THE FIRST

BE READY TO COME UP HEAR AND SHOW YOUR RESULTS I’LL DO THE FIRST TWO E-Z ONES H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

HYDROGEN…

HYDROGEN…

HELIUM…

HELIUM…

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

you will be assigned one of the elements 11 -20 to model.

you will be assigned one of the elements 11 -20 to model.

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne

H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

MAKE SURE YOUR SHEET IS COMPLETE TOO!!! CAREFULLY!! H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)=

MAKE SURE YOUR SHEET IS COMPLETE TOO!!! CAREFULLY!! H He P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Be B C N O F Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

screen down REVIEW…SKIP TO 40 IF NOT NECESSARY…

screen down REVIEW…SKIP TO 40 IF NOT NECESSARY…

The PERIODIC TABLE tells us all sorts of things about ELEMENTS—the different ATOMS that

The PERIODIC TABLE tells us all sorts of things about ELEMENTS—the different ATOMS that make up ALL the MATTER in our universe.

It lists all their names, abbreviation symbols in ANY language…

It lists all their names, abbreviation symbols in ANY language…

It tells you how each ELEMENT has its own DISTINCT ATOMIC NUMBER of PROTONS

It tells you how each ELEMENT has its own DISTINCT ATOMIC NUMBER of PROTONS (+) in their atomic nucleus!

It tells you how each ELEMENT has its own DISTINCT ATOMIC NUMBER of PROTONS

It tells you how each ELEMENT has its own DISTINCT ATOMIC NUMBER of PROTONS (+) in their atomic nucleus! You can tell how much heavier each element is to one another! SODIUM ATOMS ARE ALMOST 23 X HEAVIER THAN HYDROGEN ATOMS.

By taking the atomic mass and subtracting the atomic number we can calculate the

By taking the atomic mass and subtracting the atomic number we can calculate the average number of neutrons in each element.

By taking the atomic mass and subtracting the atomic number we can calculate the

By taking the atomic mass and subtracting the atomic number we can calculate the average number of neutrons in each element. Hey, I ain’t got no neutrons! I got 12!

And we’ve learned how orbiting electrons (-) SHAPE the Periodic Table.

And we’ve learned how orbiting electrons (-) SHAPE the Periodic Table.

What do you notice about electron (-) orbits? H He P(+)= N(o)= Li Be

What do you notice about electron (-) orbits? H He P(+)= N(o)= Li Be B C P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P(+)= N(o)= The PERIOD (row) tells us the NUMBER of electron (-) N O F Ne ORBITS around the elements in that particular PERIOD P S(row). Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top whole #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom decimal #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit

THE PERIOD (ROW) AN ELEMENT IS IN TELLS US THE NUMBER OF ELECTRON ORBITS

THE PERIOD (ROW) AN ELEMENT IS IN TELLS US THE NUMBER OF ELECTRON ORBITS IT HAS! ELEMENTS IN PERIOD (ROW) # 1 HAVE 1 ORBIT of ELECTRONS… ELEMENTS IN PERIOD (ROW) 3 HAVE 3 ORBITS OF ELECTRONS… ELEMENTS IN PERIOD (ROW) 7 HAVE 7 ORBITS OF ELECTRONS… D’UH…

That explains why the Periodic Table has 7 periods (rows). PERIOD 1 H PERIOD

That explains why the Periodic Table has 7 periods (rows). PERIOD 1 H PERIOD 2 Li PERIOD 3 Na PERIOD 4 K PERIOD 5 Rb PERIOD 6 Cs PERIOD 7 Fr

7 PERIODS FOR UP TO 7 MAXIMUM ELECTRON ORBITS

7 PERIODS FOR UP TO 7 MAXIMUM ELECTRON ORBITS

THAT’S GOOD FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PERIODS (ROWS) OF OUR PERIODIC TABLE…. BUT WHY DO

THAT’S GOOD FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PERIODS (ROWS) OF OUR PERIODIC TABLE…. BUT WHY DO WE HAVE 18 GROUPS (COLUMNS)?

BUT WHY DO WE HAVE 18 GROUPS (COLUMNS)? AND WHY DO WE HAVE THIS

BUT WHY DO WE HAVE 18 GROUPS (COLUMNS)? AND WHY DO WE HAVE THIS DIP RIGHT HERE?

the basic rule is… A TYPICAL ATOM has the SAME NUMBER of ELECTRONS (-)

the basic rule is… A TYPICAL ATOM has the SAME NUMBER of ELECTRONS (-) to balance PROTONS(+) NOT ALWAYS though…atoms frequently exchange their electrons (-) to get a static charge or to react with other atoms…. but MOSTLY.

LOOK AT FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS…WITH THE ELECTRON(-) ORBITS

LOOK AT FIRST TWENTY ELEMENTS…WITH THE ELECTRON(-) ORBITS

Make sure you NUMBER your GROUPS (columns) below on your sheet… Grp 1 Per

Make sure you NUMBER your GROUPS (columns) below on your sheet… Grp 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Be Grp 13 14 B C Grp 18 Grp Grp 15 16 17 N O F He P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of _____ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of _____ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit

Why do you think the inner orbit only holds 2 electrons, but the outer

Why do you think the inner orbit only holds 2 electrons, but the outer orbits hold more? Check out the notches on a belt? Which one has room for more notches?

The first inner orbiting shell of electrons (-) holds a max 2 electrons. The

The first inner orbiting shell of electrons (-) holds a max 2 electrons. The next orbit in period 2 holds a max of 8 electrons. The 3 rd orbit for elements in period 3 can hold another 8 electrons. ***the third orbit can hold a maximum of 18 electrons(-) but this orbit doesn’t start filling up until the 4 period. Don’t wrack your brain too much about this. In high school chemistry it will be better explained.

raise screen…

raise screen…

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= K P(+)= N(o)= A l in l JU ST or th. Ca e bi P(+)=o 1 t N(o)= u e sh te el r l P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= A l in l JU th Sof ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) o. Number rb e T it ouof 2 protons Number (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) sh te er – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) ATOMIC el MASS l Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Be Grp 13 B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= T h ha is ou ve gro te a up r FU a sh L ll el L l P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Be Grp 13 B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= hi s g fu SH all ro ll O O up ou RT N a te o E re r fa sh el l P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) T K ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell?

Do you notice any pattern in the number of electrons in the outermost shell? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Be Grp 13 B Grp 18 He Grp 14 Grp 15 Grp 16 Grp 17 C N O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= ne Th to e is fi ds gr ll T o u sh its WO p el ou e l te r P(+)= N(o)= Number of ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of ______ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

WHAT DO ELEMENTS IN THE SAME GROUP ALL HAVE IN COMMON? Grp 1 H

WHAT DO ELEMENTS IN THE SAME GROUP ALL HAVE IN COMMON? Grp 1 H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 18 He Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= K P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= ll l l a A A a t ll ll p LL p u Number in JUof ______ (+) = ATOMIC _____u (topor#) in JU o U ll h r o t t r s L ST ST g a F he or he of or h. Ca g______ L l Number protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC (bottom #) e bi o 2 bi P(+)=o 1 s e U el his e r s i 1 F h T av e All have t t N(o)= u e ut e– ATOMIC sh MASS sh te - ATOMIC NUMBER = Number (o)h Thofre______ t a rs e u f 4 e& r r el el o e 8 in 3 rd orbit st orbit, 8 ina 2 ndoorbit, t Protons (+) (-)… 2 fit in 1 l = electrons l u need 4 e- P(+)= N(o)=

 • Drop screen

• Drop screen

What do elements in the same GROUP all have in common?

What do elements in the same GROUP all have in common?

ELEMENTS in SAME GROUP (column) have the SAME NUMBER of ELECTRONS (-) in the

ELEMENTS in SAME GROUP (column) have the SAME NUMBER of ELECTRONS (-) in the OUTERMOST ORBIT shell!

AND OF COURSE, YOU’D THINK CHEMISTS WOULD CALL THIS OUTERMOST ELECTRON SHELL SOMETHING LIKE…OUTER

AND OF COURSE, YOU’D THINK CHEMISTS WOULD CALL THIS OUTERMOST ELECTRON SHELL SOMETHING LIKE…OUTER ELECTRONS? ?

marked RED OUTERMOST ELECTRONS = VALENCE ELECTRONS

marked RED OUTERMOST ELECTRONS = VALENCE ELECTRONS

raise screen GO BACK TO YOUR SHEET WITH YOUR ELECTRON ORBITS…WRITE ON THE BOTTOM:

raise screen GO BACK TO YOUR SHEET WITH YOUR ELECTRON ORBITS…WRITE ON THE BOTTOM:

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

…AND THAT’S WHY THE PERIODIC TABLE IS SHAPED THAT WAY!

…AND THAT’S WHY THE PERIODIC TABLE IS SHAPED THAT WAY!

Outer VALENCE electrons (-) explain how elements behave!

Outer VALENCE electrons (-) explain how elements behave!

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Be Grp 13 B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Grp 16 Grp 17 group 18 O has a F P(+)= N(o)= FULL outer shell S P(+)= N(o)= Cl P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Ar P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Grp 16 Grp 17 Group 18 F O P(+)= does NOTN(o)= NEED any electrons. S P(+)= N(o)= Cl P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Ar P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 OThey’re F Cl P(+)= rich , fat N(o)= and content! P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Ar P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 OThey’re F Cl P(+)= rich , fat N(o)= and content! P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P S P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= K P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit Ne P(+)= N(o)= Ar P(+)= N(o)= THEY ARE THE NOBLE Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL GASES #) Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Na P(+)= N(o)= He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B P(+)= N(o)= Group 1 has 1 eto GIVE Mg P(+)= AWAY. N(o)= Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Al Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Na P(+)= N(o)= He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B P(+)= N(o)= They WANT TO to get rid of their Mg 1 valence Al P(+)= electron. N(o)= Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 O F P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Na P(+)= N(o)= He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B P(+)= N(o)= They WANT TO to get rid of their Mg 1 valence Al P(+)= electron. N(o)= Grp 14 Grp 15 C N Grp 16 Grp 17 O F Alkali metals P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P(+)= N(o)= Grp 16 Grp 17 Group 17 is. O N P(+)= N(o)=just 1 N(o)= electron short of a P valence. S full P(+)= N(o)=shell. N(o)= F P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp 18 H P(+)= N(o)= Li He Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P(+)= N(o)= Grp 16 Grp 17 N O Group 17 P(+)= N(o)= CRAVES just 1 electron P P(+)= N(o)= S P(+)= N(o)= F P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K P(+)= N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has

Grp 1 Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). HUNGRY He HALOGENS! P(+)= H P(+)= N(o)= Li Grp 2 Grp 13 Be B Grp 14 Grp 15 C P(+)= N(o)= Na Mg Al Si P(+)= N(o)= Grp 18 P(+)= N(o)= Grp 16 Grp 17 N O Group 17 P(+)= N(o)= CRAVES just 1 electron P P(+)= N(o)= S P(+)= N(o)= F P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= Number of PROTONS (+) = ATOMIC NUMBER (top WHOLE #) K N(o)= Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC MASS (bottom DECIMAL #) ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of NEUTRONS (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit P(+)= N(o)=

 • lower slide

• lower slide

Grp _ Per _ H P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Na P(+)= N(o)= K

Grp _ Per _ H P(+)= N(o)= Li P(+)= N(o)= Na P(+)= N(o)= K P(+)= N(o)= Each PERIOD (row) = same number of e- ORBITS. Each GROUP has the SAME # of VALENCE ELECTRONS (-). Grp _ Be P(+)= N(o)= Grp _ 14 B P(+)= N(o)= Group 14 has 4 different places to Mg hook up!Al P(+)= N(o)= Ca P(+)= N(o)= C Grp Grp _ _ _ N O F Grp _ He P(+)= N(o)= Ne P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= Si P S Cl Ar P(+)= N(o)= P(+)= N(o)= I call this group (+) = ATOMIC _____ (top #) Number of _____ “loosey Number of protons (+) & neutrons (o) = ATOMIC ______ (bottom #) goosey” ATOMIC MASS – ATOMIC NUMBER = Number of _____ (o) Protons (+) = electrons (-)… 2 fit in 1 st orbit, 8 in 2 nd orbit, 8 in 3 rd orbit

Elements in the same GROUP (column) all share the SAME number of outermost VALENCE

Elements in the same GROUP (column) all share the SAME number of outermost VALENCE ELECTRONS(-) which makes them all like FAMILY. They share SIMILAR PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES!!!

go to worksheet • creating molecules…lewis diagram wksheet

go to worksheet • creating molecules…lewis diagram wksheet

Test for understanding… Which element is at period 2, group 13? How many protons

Test for understanding… Which element is at period 2, group 13? How many protons (+) does it have? What period and group do you find Potassium? How many neutrons does it have? What group contains olympic GOLD? What other elements are in that group? Which period can you find both Iron and Zinc? Which element is at period 3, group 4?

Test for understanding… Which element is at period 2, group 13? How many protons

Test for understanding… Which element is at period 2, group 13? How many protons (+) does it have? Boron (B)… 5 protons (+) What period and group do you find Potassium? How many neutrons does it have? period 4, group 1… 20 neutrons (o) What group contains olympic GOLD? What other elements are in that group? Gold (Au)…. group includes silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) Which period can you find both Iron and Zinc? period 4 Which element is at period 3, group 4? trick question…there is nothing there at that spot on the periodic table