Growth of the European Union and NATO Origins

Growth of the European Union and NATO

Origins of the EU n World War II Determined to prevent future destruction n Europe splits into East and West n West forms “Council of Europe”- 1949 n n Europe Day May 9, 1950 n French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman presents a plan for deeper cooperation n

Schuman Declaration n n French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman Place France and West Germany’s coal and steel industries under joint management Planned to end mutual friction in Europe Outcome European Coal and Steel Community n First of European Communities- Predecessor to the European Union n

The Founding Fathers n Germany n n n Britain n Alcide de Gasperi Altiero Spinelli France n n n Winston Churchill Italy n n Konrad Adenauer Walter Hallstein Jean Monnet Robert Schuman Belgium n Paul Henri Spaak

The Founding Countries France n Germany n Italy n Belgium n Luxembourg n The Netherlands n

The European Communities (EC) n n One of the Pillars of the European Union Began with the European Coal and Steel Community n n n 1951 Treaty of Paris Expanded in 1957 n n n European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty of Rome

The European Communities (EC) n Previous Communities merged together in 1967 by the Merger Treaty

Progression to Modern Day n July 20, 1963 The EC signs its first big international agreement n A deal to help 18 former colonies in Africa. n n July 1, 1968 Free cross-border trade between the six countries n First time for this ever n

Progression to Modern Day n January 1, 1973 The original six countries get joined by 3 others n Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom n n June 7 -10, 1979 EC citizens directly elect the members of the European Parliament for the first time. n

Progression to Modern Day n January 1, 1986 n n n EC up to 12 members Greece, Spain and Portugal Join February 7, 1992 n n n Treaty on European Union Clear rules for the future single currency Foreign and security policy Closer cooperation in justice and home affairs First time it’s officially referred to as the “European Union”

Progression to Modern Day n January 1, 1995 3 More Countries Join the Union n Austria, Finland, Sweden n Almost entire Western Europe n n January 1, 1999 Euro Introduced in 11 countries n Commercial and financial use only n

Progression to Modern Day n January 1, 2002 n n Euro notes and coins arrive March 31, 2003 EU Takes on peace-keeping operations in the Balkans n EU-led forces replace NATO units n

Progression to Modern Day n May 1, 2004 n n Eight Central and Eastern countries join the Union October 29, 2004 n n Treaty establishing a European Constitution Streamline democratic decision-making and management

Modern Day (Pretty Much) n January 1, 2007 n n 2 More Countries join the EU December 13, 2007 n n Treaty of Lisbon Amends the previous Treaties Designed to make the EU more democratic, efficient and transparent Thereby able to tackle global challenges such as climate change, security and sustainable development.

Symbols of the EU n The European Anthem n The European Flag n n n Twelve Stars: Perfection and Unity Origin: Council of Europe The European Motto n “Unified in Diversity” n Further Info: http: //europa. eu/abc/symbols/index_en. htm n Video: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Mdk. Xd 5 Iop. BY

Members of the EU n 27 Countries n n n n Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland n n n n Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom

Members of the EU cont. n Interactive Map: http: //europa. eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/index_en. htm

Links: The European Union n EU Web. Pages: n n n History: n n http: //europa. eu/index_en. htm http: //www. eurunion. org/ http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=95 Cu. BI-BL 4 E http: //europa. eu/abc/history/index_en. htm Schuman Declaration: http: //europa. eu/abc/symbols/9 may/decl_en. htm

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Beginnings n March 17, 1948 The Treaty of Brussels n Signed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and the United Kingdom n Considered precursor to NATO agreement n n The US Was thought to be necessary n Talks began n

Beginnings n North Atlantic Treaty April 4, 1949 n Signed in D. C. n Treaty of Brussels countries n Also: US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. n n NATO was born.

NATO’s Purpose n Alliance of 26 countries n n Uphold the goals of the North Atlantic Treaty Freedom Safeguard the freedom and security of it’s member countries n Political and military means n n Security n Safeguard values of democracy, liberty, and peaceful resolutions within the Allies

26 Member Countries n n n n Belgium Bulgaria Canada Czech Rep Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia n. Lithuania n. Luxembourg n. Netherlands n. Norway n. Poland n. Portugal n. Romania n. Slovakia n. Slovenia n. Spain n. Turkey n. United Kingdom n. United States

Current Problems and Conflicts n The Balkans n n NATO is helping to bring stability to the Balkans Leading a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo Assisting the governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in reforming their armed forces. Further Research: n n n http: //www. cnn. com/SPECIALS/1997/bosnia/history/ http: //www. nato. int/issues/balkans/index. html http: //www. nato. int/docu/review/2007/issue 2/english /art 3. html

Current Problems and Conflicts n NATO in Kosovo n n n Leading a peacekeeping operation Since June 1999 Build peace and stability in Kosovo Goal: Continue helping in the development of a stable, democratic, multiethnic and peaceful Kosovo. Links: n n http: //www. nato. int/issues/kosovo/index. html http: //www. friendsofbosnia. org/edu_kos. html

Current Problems and Conflicts n Afghanistan NATO=key component of the international community’s engagement in Afghanistan n Assists the Afghan authorities in providing security and stability n Paves the way for reconstruction and effective governance. n n More Info: n http: //www. nato. int/issues/afghanistan/index. html

Current Problems and Conflicts n Darfur n n n AMIS n n From June 2005 to 31 December 2007 NATO provided assistance to the African Union (AU) Mission in Sudan (AMIS) End violence and improve the humanitarian situation in a region that has been suffering from conflict since 2003. More Info: n http: //www. nato. int/issues/darfur/index. html

Current Problems and Conflicts n Operation Active Endeavour NATO ships are patrolling the Mediterranean n Monitor shipping and providing escorts to nonmilitary vessels through the Straits of Gibraltar n Effort to detect, deter and protect against terrorist activity. n n More Info: n http: //www. nato. int/issues/active_endeavour/ index. html

NATO n n n NATO Speech: http: //www. nato. int/docu/speech/2004/s 040506 b. htm NATO Webpage: http: //www. nato. int/ History n n n http: //members. tripod. com/more_tra/1 e_nato_txt. htm http: //prague. tv/articles/zine/brief-history-of-nato Latest: http: //www. nato. int/latest/home. htm