GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION Laying the

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GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION

GROWING PAINS FOR A NEW NATION

Laying the Foundation l The Articles of Confederation – Mar. 1781 – WEAK =

Laying the Foundation l The Articles of Confederation – Mar. 1781 – WEAK = disjointed states w/no unity; Severe limitations on nat. gov. = ineffective l Constitutional Convention – June 1788 – ÷ national (fed. ) & state power – Separate fed. power into 3 branches (checks & balances) – Not all parties happy with it

Not Quite Happy l Federalists = supported Constitution & strong central gov. l Antifederalists

Not Quite Happy l Federalists = supported Constitution & strong central gov. l Antifederalists = opposed Constit. cuz no guarantee fed. gov. would protect peeps or states rights; feared strong central gov. l Compromise = Bill of Rights ** = 1 ST 10 amendments l Constitution ratified - 1789 ** DIDN’T APPLY TO ALL AMERICANS

Early Presidents l 1 = G. Washington (1789) – Used practical decisions to new

Early Presidents l 1 = G. Washington (1789) – Used practical decisions to new fed. gov. working – Shaped Exec. Branch by creating “Cabinet” get • Heads of exec. depts. = advise president – Judiciary Act of 1789 • Set up a Supreme Court & fed. & district courts

cont. l 2 = John Adams (1796) – Federalist = strong fed. gov. –

cont. l 2 = John Adams (1796) – Federalist = strong fed. gov. – Focused on strong econ. in mfg. of North – Alien & Sedition Acts - 1798 • requirements for citizenship • Pres. could deport or jail “undesirables” • Controversy over state vs. fed. gov. power

cont. l 3 = T. Jefferson (1800) – Antifederalist = against large fed. gov.

cont. l 3 = T. Jefferson (1800) – Antifederalist = against large fed. gov. ; wanted small fed. gov. w/min. control – Protector of nat. rights & states rights – Focused econ. based on agricult. of South – Shrank size of fed. gov. • Cut costs & taxes – 1 st prez. in new capital = Washington, D. C.

T. J. ’s America l Judicial Review – est. by S. C. case Marbury

T. J. ’s America l Judicial Review – est. by S. C. case Marbury vs. Madison – Jud. Branch = uphold & defend the Constit. – S. C. can declare a law unconstitutional – Gave S. C. a purpose l Louisiana Purchase- 1803 – Bargain from France; Paid $15 mil. – Mississippi Riv. To Rocky Mtns. – Doubled size of U. S. – Hired Louis & Clark to explore possibility to get to Pac. Ocean YES!

Manifest Destiny is Born under T. J. l M. D. = Belief that America

Manifest Destiny is Born under T. J. l M. D. = Belief that America had a divine obligation to stretch boundaries of their noble republic to Pacific Ocean l Expansion westward seemed perfectly natural l Second Great Awakening (mid 19 th c. ) added reasoning – Believed God himself blessed the growth of U. S.

James Madison – 4 th Prez. (1808) • Co-authored Bill of Rights & Federalist

James Madison – 4 th Prez. (1808) • Co-authored Bill of Rights & Federalist l War of 1812 (vs. G. B. ) – Naval = G. B. attacked U. S. ; merchant ships @ sea; seized products, men & ships – Land battles = G. B. set fire to D. C. & famous Battle of New Orleans - 1814 – Impact = Encouraged growth of North. mfg. – Outcome = U. S. wins; confirmed as an independ. nation

James Monroe – 5 th Prez. (1816) l Expands borders w/treaty w/Spain = gain

James Monroe – 5 th Prez. (1816) l Expands borders w/treaty w/Spain = gain Florida l Econ. tensions between North & South & the admit. of new states = led to slavery issue – Missouri Compromise – 1821 • Maine a free state; Missouri a slave state • Made boundary line for slavery – North of line = slavery illegal – South of line = slavery legal

Monroe’s Nat. Security l Monroe Doctrine – 1823 – Warned Euro. powers NOT to

Monroe’s Nat. Security l Monroe Doctrine – 1823 – Warned Euro. powers NOT to intervene in West. Hemi. & vice-versa – 1 st Foreign Policy – Foundation for ALL U. S. foreign policy

John Quincy Adams – 6 th Prez. (1825) l 1 st son of a

John Quincy Adams – 6 th Prez. (1825) l 1 st son of a president to be elected prez. l Only prez. to be elected to Congress after serving as Prez. l Established Smithsonian Institute l Regularly swam nude in Potomac River

Andrew Jackson – th 7 Prez. (1828) l Army general w/no college degree; “common

Andrew Jackson – th 7 Prez. (1828) l Army general w/no college degree; “common man” l Jacksonian Democracy – Expand Exec. Branch power – Raised taxes – Spoils System = hire own supporters to work in gov. & cabinet positions * No Qualification Needed!

Jackson’s U-Haul l Indian Removal Act – 1830 – Treaties w/Nat. Am. nations; move

Jackson’s U-Haul l Indian Removal Act – 1830 – Treaties w/Nat. Am. nations; move them West – Many signed; Cherokees refused & S. C. ruled in favor of Cherokees

“It gives me great pleasure to announce to Congress that the Gov. ’s benevolent

“It gives me great pleasure to announce to Congress that the Gov. ’s benevolent policy of Indian removal has almost been achieved. . We have wept over the fate of the natives of this country, as one by one many tribes have disappeared from the earth. . . The policy of the Gov. towards the red man is generous. The Indian is unwilling to follow the laws of the States and mingle with the population. To save him from utter annihilation, the Gov. kindly offers him a new home, and proposes to pay the whole expense of his removal and settlement for the first year. ”

- A. J. forced Cherokees onto “Trail of Tears” – 1838 Groups of 1,

- A. J. forced Cherokees onto “Trail of Tears” – 1838 Groups of 1, 000 on a 800 -mile journey Suffered cold, hunger, disease = ¼ died

Fed. vs. State Power l Nullification Crisis – 1832 – If a state thinks

Fed. vs. State Power l Nullification Crisis – 1832 – If a state thinks a fed. law or fed. tariff is unconstitutional, it can nullify it = unenforceable in THAT state – States threatened to secede if fed. try to collect tariff – A. J. passed the Forced Bill – 1833 • Fed. gov. will use military if state doesn’t pay tariffs

Political Cartoon Analysis 1. What does this cartoon suggest about Jackson’s attitude towards the

Political Cartoon Analysis 1. What does this cartoon suggest about Jackson’s attitude towards the Constitution? 2. How does this cartoon particularly comment on Jackson’s use of presidential power?

Summarize & Highlight l Recap what you have learned, in your own words, from

Summarize & Highlight l Recap what you have learned, in your own words, from the prev. slides in 5 – 6 sentences. l Highlight slide titles, key terms, people, causes & effects, events, etc.

What generalization can you make from the information in these notes about the obstacles/struggles

What generalization can you make from the information in these notes about the obstacles/struggles the U. S. endured and overcame in its first 60 years as a new nation? Write a paragraph response starting with a topic sentence that answers the prompt.