GROWING CROPS ANIMAL HEALTH ANIMAL CARE FOOD FARMING

GROWING CROPS ANIMAL HEALTH + ANIMAL CARE FOOD FARMING BASICS + ENVIRONMENT PESTICIDES PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY $100 $100 $200 $200 $300 $300 $400 $400 $500 $500

Name the practice where producers plant two or more crops together, making it difficult for harmful insects to find plants. Click to see answer

Intercropping - For example, alternating rows of carrots and onions reduces damage by carrot rust flies, which find carrots by their smell. This is an example of an organic pest management practice. Other examples may include rotating crops, maintaining high levels of biodiversity, strategic planning, and planting cover crops. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Name the practice that helps farmers minimize the use of inputs and fuel while maximizing crop yields. Farmers no longer have to apply seed, fertilizers and pesticides in the same amount across entire fields. Click to see answer

Precision Farming - Precision farming uses technology to analyze crop field for soil fertility, moisture levels and crop production. Precision technology may include monitors, variable rate technology, guidance technology, remote-sensing and mapping technology. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What are the four primary macronutrients that plants need to grow? Click to see answer

Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and Sulfur (S) - Crops also need certain nutrients in much smaller amounts; these are micronutrients. Soil contains nutrients, but not necessarily in the right amounts for good plant growth. Nutrients may be added to the soil through many methods, but the most effective way is by adding fertilizer! Click to return to Jeopardy Board

4 R Nutrient Stewardship is a science-based approach that focuses on increased production, environmental protection and improved sustainability. Can you name the four R’s? Click to see answer

Right Rate, Right Nutrient, Right Time, Right Place - Properly managed fertilizers support cropping systems that provide economic, social and environmental benefits. On the other hand, poorly managed nutrient applications can decrease profitability and increase nutrient losses, potentially degrading water and air. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Name the practice that involves watering crops with water from nearby lakes or rivers being pumped into canals or pipelines. This practice involves watering crops by using water available in nearby water sources. Click to see answer

Irrigation - Only 8. 5% of Canadian farms use irrigation - the rest rely solely on precipitation for crop watering. Irrigation is practiced in farming regions from coast to coast in Canada, with the majority of irrigated farmland in Alberta (65%) Examples of crop types grown with irrigation: oilseeds, cereals, forages, pulses and fruits and vegetables. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

A withdrawal period refers to the span of time that must pass before WHAT substance has left an animal’s system and the animal is sold as food? Click to see answer

Antibiotics - In Canada, food is tested for antibiotics to ensure that it is safe for you to eat. Example: If a dairy cow receives medication, then the farmer cannot sell that cow’s milk until the animal is healthy. Even after a farmer stops giving medicine to a cow, its milk must be discarded until the withdrawal period has passed. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What procedure helps to prevent livestock and crop diseases from getting onto a farm, spreading within the farm, and travelling to another location? Click to see answer

Biosecurity - Biosecurity helps keep animals and humans healthy and protects them from unnecessary pain and suffering. This process also reduced the need for farmers to use treatments such as antibiotics. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What is given to beef cattle so they can make more efficient use of their feed to produce leaner meat, which results in less impact on the environment AND lowers the price you pay at the grocery store? Click to see answer

Growth Hormones - - Added hormones assist beef cattle's natural hormones by promoting growth of muscle rather than fat. In order for hormones to be used, they must be effective, result in food products that are safe for people to eat on a regular basis and be safe for animals. The CFIA randomly samples beef products in order to ensure that hormone levels are at or below the amount that is determined to be safe. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

How many times a day do dairy cows need to be milked? Click to see answer

2 -3 times daily - Dairy farming is a big responsibility, as dairy cows require 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The maximum time between milking is 12 hours Although machines can often do the milking, people are still needed for feeding, cleaning, record keeping, ensuring that equipment is working properly, checking animals to make sure they are healthy - and much more! Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What set of principles are recognized worldwide to describe the welfare needs of animals cared for by humans? Click to see answer

The Five Freedoms - - The Five Freedoms include: Freedom from hunger, malnutrition and thirst. Freedom from fear and disease. Freedom from physical and thermal discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury and disease. Freedom to express normal patterns of behavior. Improved animal care practices are helping farmers to become more productive - chickens lay more eggs, dairy cows produce more milk, and beef cattle are ready for market in fewer days. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

All dairy milk sold in Canada has what added to it? Click to see answer

Vitamin D - Vitamin D is important in helping the body absorb the calcium that dairy products contain. Dairy products are also a natural source of other nutrients our bodies need, including protein, vitamin A, B vitamins, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

The causes of food losses and waste in low-income countries are generally related to farming conditions and getting food to the market in time. What is the main cause for food waste in Canada? Click to see answer

Consumer Behaviour - This includes demands for “perfect food”, discarding food past the “best before” date, and not using leftovers. Other causes of food waste are adverse growing conditions, socioeconomic/political issues and distribution challenges. Global initiatives working towards solutions to food waste are Value Chain management International, SAVE FOOD, Waste Reduction Action Plan, and The Food Loss and Waste Accounting and Reporting Standard. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What determines the colour of an egg? Click to see answer

The breed of chicken it came from! - All eggs, whether they are white, brown, free-run, free-range, or organic have the same nutrient content. Nutritionally enhanced eggs (such as Omega-3 or Vitamin-D enriched) come from hens that have been provided with nutritionally-enhanced diets containing higher levels of nutrients or feed that contains flaxseed or fish oils. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

According to scientific studies, what is the difference in nutrition between grass-fed and grain-finished beef? Click to see answer

Little to no difference. - Beef cattle that are fed only grass or forages during their entire lives are called grass-fed. Grain-finished cattle are raised on grass or forages for most of their lives, and then finished on grain. Both grass-fed and grain-finished beef contribute similar amounts of essential nutrients, such as zinc, iron and protein to our diets. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

In 1892, French microbiologist Dr. Louis Pasteur developed this process, which involves heating milk to a high temperature, then cooling it rapidly. Click to see answer

Pasteurization - This process destroys any pathogens in the milk, such as salmonella and E. coli, while maintaining milk’s nutritional value. Pasteurization was made mandatory by Health Canada in 1991, although it was mandatory in some provinces as early as 1938. Milk is not the only food product in Canada that is pasteurized, honey is too! Click to return to Jeopardy Board

This term refers to the number of species and ecosystems in a region and the health of an ecosystem. Click to see answer

Biodiversity - Farmers and ranchers have an important role in protecting the biodiversity of their land by maintaining healthy water, soil and grasslands so that native plants, insects, birds and other wildlife can thrive alongside agriculture. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What is the term used for rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food? Click to see answer

Aquaculture - There are fish farms in every province in Canada, as well as the Yukon. Farming fish may help conserve wild fish stocks; it takes place in a controlled environment, can operate year round, and is a consistent way of producing more fish. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What do you call a honeybee farm? Click to see answer

An apiary - - It takes one colony of honey bees (around 30, 000 bees) to pollinate an acre of fruit trees. Pollination success increases if there are more honey bees present at the time of peak flowering. Bees fly more than once around the world to gather a pound of honey. Honey varies in colour from white through golden to dark brown and usually the darker the colour the stronger the flavour. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Which country is among the world leaders in cranberry and blueberry production? Click to see answer

Canada - - - Cranberries are harvested in water because it makes picking easier. Cranberry vines form a dense ground cover. Flooding floats the cranberries out of the tangled vines, making them easier to pick. Highbush blueberries are the types you commonly find at grocery stores and farmers markets. Lowbush blueberries are smaller, sweeter blueberries often used for processing into juices, jams, blueberry muffin mixes and so on. A single blueberry bush can produce as many as 6, 000 blueberries per year. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What is the science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants? Click to see answer

Horticulture - - In Canada, the horticulture industry includes field, greenhouse and indoor grown fruits and vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, ginseng, maple and honey products. Over 120 different fruit and vegetable crops are commercially grown in Canada! Click to return to Jeopardy Board

This type of pesticide is used to control unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops and natural habitats for nutrients, space, water and sunlight. Click to see answer

Herbicide - Other types of pesticides include fungicides, insecticides and rodenticides. The Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Health Canada regulated each pesticide sold in Canada. All pesticides have rules for handling, application and storage. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

This technology used in farming equipment has helped to reduce pesticide use by placing seeds, fertilizers and pesticides in the right place and eliminating the overlap that doubles application in certain parts of the field. Click to see answer

Global Positioning Systems or GPS - Pesticides are expensive and reducing pesticide application is beneficial to the farmer’s bottom line. Over the years, farming practices have improved and the adoption of global positioning systems (GPS), new crop varieties and genetically engineered crops are helping to reduce pesticide usage. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

This type of pesticide is used to control insects in a field or crop. Click to see answer

Insecticide - Neonics are neonicotinoids, a class of insecticides used by farmers to protect fruit, vegetables and crops from various insect pests such as aphids, wireworms, flea beetles and types of chewing and sucking insects. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Instead of growing the same crop in the same field year after year, many farmers use this practice to reduce the risks of specific insects, weeds and/or diseases. Click to see answer

Crop Rotation - Many studies show that crop rotation is the most effective way to improve and maintain crop yields, soil fertility, and control pests and diseases. On the Canadian prairies, a typical crop rotation involved cereals (wheat, barley, oats), oilseeds (canola, flax, sunflowers), and legumes (pulses such as field peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas). Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Glyphosate is one of the most effective and widely used herbicides used in the world today. Herbicides are mixed with water before they are sprayed onto crops. How much glyphosate do you think is applied to each acre? Hint: an acre is about the side of an NFL football field. Click to see answer

One-half to a full pop can, diluted with 50 L of water. - Glyphosate is non-selective (meaning that it will kill most plants) and systemic (meaning it will travel to all parts of the plant). According to Health Canada, glyphosate does not harm plants or animals when used according to label instructions. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

What does GMO stand for? Click to see answer

Genetically Modified Organism - The genetics of almost all plant-based food we eat today have been modified over time, so the term GMO could really apply to all of them! When people talk about GMOs, they are often referring to genetic engineering. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Which of the following are NOT genetically modified? Canola, Soybeans, Wheat, Apples. Click to see answer

Wheat - Genetically modified crops that are available today: alfalfa, apples, canola, corn, cotton, papaya, potatoes, soybeans, squash, eggplants and sugar beets. The efforts to genetically modify these crops focus on expressing positive traits that support quality of the crop and improving resistance to concerns, such as insects. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Okanagan Specialty Fruits Inc, a grower-led company in British Columbia, worked with scientists using a technique called gene silencing to shut off the gene that makes WHAT fruit go brown after slicing? Click to see answer

Apples - This product is an example of a consumer-oriented benefit of genetic engineering. Their product - the Arctic Apple does not go brown when bumped, bruised or being cut open! Click to return to Jeopardy Board

This genetically engineered crop addresses sub-optimal growing conditions, allowing plants to withstand submersion in land that is prone to flooding. Click to see answer

Submarine Rice - While rice likes wet soil to get started, it will die in just a few days if it gets totally submerged with flooding. Working with the International Rice Research Institute, American researcher Pamela Ronald and her colleagues identified a gene – appropriately named SUB-1 – that allowed rice to withstand up to 17 days of flooding. This gene was then bred into varieties nicknamed “scuba rice” that are now widely grown in countries such as India and Bangladesh. Click to return to Jeopardy Board

Which of Hawaii’s most important crops did a ringspot virus threaten in the 1990’s? Click to see answer

Papaya - Government scientist Dennis Gonsalves used genetic engineering to create a resistant variety, the Rainbow papaya. Within two years, more than half of Hawaiian papaya were genetically engineered - saving the Hawaiian papaya industry. Click to return to Jeopardy Board