Groups of the Periodic Table of Elements Shininess

Groups of the Periodic Table of Elements Shininess - Malleablility. Ductility. Conductivity. Reactivity- Metals vary in

Alkali Metals – Group 1 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=m 55 kgy. Ap. Yr. Y • The most reactive metals. • React with other elements by losing 1 electron • So reactive they are never found alone in nature. • Examples—Na sodium and K potassium

Alkaline Earth Metals-Group 2 • React by losing 2 electrons • Good conductors of electricity • Not as reactive as Group 1 but more reactive than most metals • Are also never found uncombined in nature • Examples Mg magnesium and Ca calcium

Transition Metals-Groups 3 -12 • Includes familiar metals such as Fe iron Cu copper Au gold Ag silver Ni nickel • • Most are hard and shiny Good conductors of electricity Not very reactive other than they rust-oxidation Many form colorful compounds (used in paints)

Metals in Mixed Groups 13 -15 • Only some are metals –MIXED groups • Less reactive • Al aluminum Sn tin Pb lead

Carbon Family-Group 14 • Carbon is the only element in Group 14 that is a nonmetal • These elements gain, lose, or share 4 electrons • Carbon is found in all living things = organic • Most fuels contain carbon

Nitrogen Family-Group 15 • N nitrogen and P phosphorus are nonmetals • Gain or share 3 electrons

Oxygen Family-Group 16 • Gain or share 2 electrons • Contains 3 nonmetals – O oxygen – S sulfur – Se selenium • Oxygen is highly reactive and can combine with almost every element.

Oxygen • Oxygen exists as O 2 (a diatomic molecule) in the air we breathe • Oxygen also forms O 3 called ozone (a triatomic molecule) which collects in the upper atmosphere where it screens out harmful radiation from the sun. • Ozone is a dangerous pollutant at ground level because it is highly reactive. • Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust and the second-most abundant element in the atmosphere. (The first is nitrogen. )

Halogen Family-Group 17 • Halogens are nonmetals except for At astatine • Fl flourine Cl chlorine Br bromine and I iodine – are the most reactive nonmetals – Have similar properties-gain or share one electron – Salt forming – Very reactive – Uncombined elements are dangerous to humans

More on Halogens • Fl is so reactive it reacts with almost every other known substance. • Water will burn in Fl • Cl gas is extremely dangerous • but ok in small amounts to kill bacteria in water. • Br liquid will burn skin

Noble Gases-Group 18 • Do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of noble gases do not usually gain, lose or share electrons. • Stable-unreactive • 8 valence electrons (except helium which has 2)

Hydrogen • Can not be grouped into a family because it is so different.

Metalloids • Along the border between metals and nonmetals • Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals • Varying ability to conduct electricity depending on • temperature • light • impurities – makes them useful in semiconductors.

Lanthanides Top row at bottom of periodic table Soft, malleable, shiny metals High conductivity Mixed with more common metals to make alloys. • Alloy-mixture of a metal with at least one other element. • •

Actinides • Row of elements at bottom of Periodic Table below the Lanthanides. • U uranium is used to produce energy in nuclear power plants • Nuclei are very unstable-break apart quickly • Synthetic Elements atomic # above 92 are man made by particle accelerators which force atoms to crash together. • Exception—Neptunium and ___have been found in nature