GROUP THERAPY FAMILY THERAPY COUPLES THERAPY GROUP THERAPY

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GROUP THERAPY, FAMILY THERAPY, & COUPLES THERAPY

GROUP THERAPY, FAMILY THERAPY, & COUPLES THERAPY

GROUP THERAPY • A historical perspective - For many years, group therapy was practiced

GROUP THERAPY • A historical perspective - For many years, group therapy was practiced as a method of choice by only a handful of dedicated therapist. - Other used it primarly because their caseloas was so heavy that group therapy was the only means by which they could deal with the overload. - Still otherapist used group therapy as a suplementary technique. - Tokoh pencetus : ☺ Joseph H. Pratt’s Work with tubercular patients in 1905. ☺ J. L. Moreno Develop some group methods in Vienna in early 1900 s. In 1925, introduced his psychodrama to US. He’s also used the term group therapy. ☺ Trigant Burrow Psychoanalist who used the related term group analysis to describe his procedures. ☺ Slavson In 1930 s, Salvson encouraged adolescent patients to work through their problem with controlled play. His procedures was based on psychoanalytic concepts.

Lanjutan group therapy … • Approaches to group therapy Experienced group therapist of the

Lanjutan group therapy … • Approaches to group therapy Experienced group therapist of the same theoritical persuasion often use quite different methods. → Because of this poor fit between what therapist do & where they come from theoretically, it’s difficult to evaluate similarities, & diffrences among approaches, & indeed, to describe in any coherent way the methods used in a particular approach.

Psychoanalytic Group Therapy • Focus : free association, transference, interpretation of resistance, & working

Psychoanalytic Group Therapy • Focus : free association, transference, interpretation of resistance, & working through. • Their role is viewed asscondary to that of individual process. • Wolf believes that dynamics of the group are secondary to the individual analysis & that role of therapist is key. • In contrast to individual psychotherapy, group therapy can permit a deeper analytic experience because individuals can “lean” on the group & thus increase their anxiety tolerance. • In addition, group members react to one anothers, to therapist, & to relationships of authority & intimacy. • Typically, wolf’s group consist of eight to ten members who meet 90 minutes three times a week. • Sometimes the group meets once or twice a week without therapist to facilitate the working through of transference relationships. • Patients often free-associate to their feelings about other members, report dreams, & analyze resistance & transference feelings toward both therapist & other group member.

Psychodrama • Developed by Moreno (1946, 1959) • This method is said to to

Psychodrama • Developed by Moreno (1946, 1959) • This method is said to to bring about a degree of emotional relief (catharsis) & spontaneity that heightens insight & self understanding. may be asked to play themselves or another role. Transactional Analysis • Developer by Erick Borne • Focus on three chief : “ego state”, within each person; the child ego state. • Aspect of TA is the emphasis on games • Each state is composed of positive & negative features.

Gestalt Group • Focus on leading the patient to an awareness of the “now”

Gestalt Group • Focus on leading the patient to an awareness of the “now” & and an appreciation of one being in the world. → The therapist focuses on the patient, while the other group members serve as observer Behavior Group Therapy • Interventions for the treatmen of depression, social skills deficits, pain, agoraphobia, social phobia. • Behavioral & cognitive behavioral groups usually time limited (misa : 12 sesi), & are comprised of patients with similar problems.

Time limited group therapy • This contemporary model is appealing because of its efficiency,

Time limited group therapy • This contemporary model is appealing because of its efficiency, & it is likely to guide group interventions in the age of managed care • This groups meet on weekly basis for a predetermined number of sessions. • Budman & Gurman described are characterized of time limited group therapy by central features : 1. Pregroup preparation & screening. 2. Establishing & maintaning a working focus in the group. The working focused is defined as a particular concern, proble or issue that is shared by all group members. 3. Group cohesion 4. Reactions & time limit.

Family Therapy & Couples Therapy • The development of family therapy - Fruzzetti &

Family Therapy & Couples Therapy • The development of family therapy - Fruzzetti & Jacobson → Social work movement - In trying to understand schizofrenia: 1. Palo Alto 2. Theodore Lidz → Emphasized the family in the etiology of schizophrenia 3. Bowen → Observation of schizophrenic patients who live tigether with their parents in a hospital. 4. Ackerman → Reached similar conclusions, because such work & that of Satir, Haley, Jackson, & Bell gave impetus & direction to the family therapy movement – a movement rich in technique, theory, and history

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • The concept of communication - Family

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • The concept of communication - Family therapy has emphasized communication. - Family therapy deals with the realtionship between the individual family member & the family system. - Ackerman said occupies position midway between the individual or intraphycsic approach to pathology & the systems approach that characterizes the communication theorists. - Ackerman believes that there is a constant interchange among the patient, the family, & society. - Great importance to the communication process in the family system. • Forms & methods - The goals - Some general characteristic

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • Conjoint in family therapy - In

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • Conjoint in family therapy - In some varieties of this approach, therapist plays a rather passive, nondirective role. In other varieties, therapist is an active force, directing the conversation, assigning task to various family member, imparting direct instruction regarding human relations, and so on. - In conjoint and other forms of family therapy, there are 5 basic models of communication. 1. Placting Always agreeing, no matter what’s going on 2. Blamming A person’s way of showing how much he or she weight around. 3. Super-reasonable Especially characteristic of teachers, whose words may come out “super-reasonable” but may bear no relationship to how they feel. 4. Irrelevant The words are completely unrelated to what is going on. 5. Congruent The word relate to what is real.

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • Other varieties of family therapy 1.

Lanjutan Family Therapy & Couples Therapy … • Other varieties of family therapy 1. Concurrent family therapy - One therapist sees all family members, but in individual sessions. - Goals : the overal same as those in conjoint therapy 2. Collaborative family therapy - Each family member sees a different therapist. - Then therapst get together to discuss their patients a & the family as a whole. 3. Behavioral approaches to family therapy - Have viewed family relations in terms of reinforcement contigencies. - The role of therapist is to generate a behavioral analysis of family problems to helps identify the behaviors whose frequency should be increased or decreased as well as the rewards that are mainaining undesirable behaviors or that will enhance desired behaviors. - This becomes a process of induving family members to dispense the appropriate reinforcement to one another for the desired behaviors. - Similar to CBT for the individual, the family version involves teaching individual family members to self-monitor problematic behaviors & patterns of thinking, to develop new skills (communication, problem resolution, negotiation, conflict management), & to challenge interpretations of family vents & reframe these interpretations if necessary.

Couples Therapy • Today, the most popular forms of couples therapy are behavioral marital

Couples Therapy • Today, the most popular forms of couples therapy are behavioral marital herapy, cognitive couples therapy, emotionally focused couples thearpy, sex therapy, & insight-oriented (psychodynamic) couples therapy. • Behavioral Marital Therapy - Beginning from work of Richard Stuart → treatment to of marital dysfunction involved the application of reinforcement principles to couples interactions. - A major component of his treatment was a echnique called contigency contarcting ; spouses were trained to modify their own behavior to effect a spesific desired change in their mate’s behavior. - A number additional techniques : 1. Support understanding techniques Aim to incerease positive behaviors emitted by partners, increase collabortive within the couple, & increase positive feelings in each partner. 2. Problem solving technique Involve training couples in positive communication skills so that effective decision making & negotiating are possible.

Lanjutan Couples Therapy • Emotionally focused couples therapy / EFT - Is a brief

Lanjutan Couples Therapy • Emotionally focused couples therapy / EFT - Is a brief treatment that seeks to change partners’ problematic interaction styles & emotional responses so that a stronger & more secure emotional bond can be establihed.