GROUP MEMBERS NIDA IRFAN AHSAN AKRAM USMAN BASHIR

GROUP MEMBERS • • • NIDA IRFAN AHSAN AKRAM USMAN BASHIR Amber shaheen Ghulam Hassan

MINI COMPUTERS

WHAT ARE MINI COMPUTERS • Minicomputers are computers that are somewhere in between a microcomputer and a main frame computer • The mini-computer has a wide variety of uses: • communications controller; • large-system pre-processor • real-time data acquisition systems • desk calculator.

• They are relatively low cost and small. • This setup allowed more people to have access to computers. • It has a less memory than main frame

History of mini computer • This was the first mini computer In 1960’s • It was rather slow • It was too expensive cost $50’ 000 • It is a 22 -bit serial machine with acoustic delay line memory.

DEC PDP-8 Classic • Introduced in 1965 • It was considered first mini computer. • It was less than 25000 • It was faster than earlier machines

Data General Super NOVA • It was the competitor to DEC • This fast 16 -bit mini had some primitive protection features

DEC PDP-11 • The PDP-11 came out in 1970 • It was a 16 -bit machine with an elegant instruction set. • It is the most powerful and combination of old computers.

Structure of mini computers • THESE WERE BASED ON INTEREGRATED CIRCUITS CALLED CHIPS • THIS TECHNOLOGY WAS INVENTED BY JACK KIBLY AND ROBERT NOYCE IN 1950’S • IT WAS MADE UP OF SILICIUM AND WORK AS A CONDUCTOR • THESE CONSUME LESS POWER AND RELIABLE COMPARED TO TRANSISTORS

TECHNOLOGIES THROUGH MINI COMPUTERS • PUNCH CARDS • LINE PRINTER • CATHOD RAY TUBE MONITOR

OPERATING SYSTEM USED FOR MINI COMPUTERS • ASSEMBLER CODE OPERATING SYSTEM. • IN 1969 BELL LABS MULTICS OPERATING SYSTEM • KEN THOMPSON’s ‘B’ LANGUAGE SYSTEM NAMED ‘UNIX’ • IMPROVED VERSION OF ‘B’ LANGUAGE NAMED ‘C’ LANGUAGE BYDENNIS. M. RITCHIE