Group members mohd faiz shadi b ishak mohd

Group members: mohd faiz shadi b ishak mohd faqkies b mohd zin mohd izzat b abd ghalib mohd hisyam b syukri

CARDIAC PACEMAKER

cardiac pacemaker �Electric simulator that produces periodic electric pulses that are conducted to electrodes located on the surface of the heart, within the heart or within the cavity of the heart or the lining of the heart. �External electrical simulation impulses to the heart muscle – to regulate the heart rate.

Types of pacemaker �External Pacemakers �Implantable Pacemakers �Synchronous Pacemakers

External Pacemakers � a device in which the impulse generator is outside the chest but is connected with the heart by wires that pass under the skin. The wires are placed during open-heart surgery and are removed after surgery. �provide a timed electrical impulse to the heart that result in depolarization and mechanical contraction of the target chamber. �Frequently used for patients recovering from cardiac surgery to correct temporary conduction disturbances resulting from the surgery �The pacing impulses is applied through metal electrodes placed on the surface of the body. �Electrode jelly is used for better contact & avoid from skin burn

Implantable Pacemakers �Designed to be entirely implanted beneath the skin. �the electrodes into the heart, the electronic circuitry and the power supply are implanted (internally) within the body. � basic requirement for the circuit are: v v v highly reliable supply sufficient power to the circuit over a long period covered by the biological inert material – biocompatible

Synchronous Pacemakers �information about sensed activity in one or more cardiac chambers is used to determine the timing of impulse generation by the pacemaker. �Two general forms of synchronous pacemakers. � The demand pacemaker � Atrial-synchronous pacemaker �Demand pacemaker is a particular setting on a pacemaker which essentially senses if the ventricle depolarises, if it does not the PM will activate it and ensure the heart carries on beating. � Pulse interval programmed and allows generation of native electrical-myocardial coupling

�a dual chamber pacemaker that senses atrial activity and delivers a ventricular stimulus after a preset interval; used in patients with impaired atrioventricular conduction but normal sinus node function. �SA node firing is sensed by pacemaker and using an AV interval the pacemaker generates ventricular contraction via intrinsic SA nodal firing.