Group Dynamics Group Dynamics The characteristics and processes

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Group Dynamics • Group Dynamics The characteristics and processes that affect how a group

Group Dynamics • Group Dynamics The characteristics and processes that affect how a group or team functions. • Elements of group dynamics: group size tasks roles leadership group development group norms group cohesiveness © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 1

Group Dynamics SIZE ØGroup size affects how a group performs. • Why? • What

Group Dynamics SIZE ØGroup size affects how a group performs. • Why? • What are the advantages of small groups? • What are the advantages of large groups? © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 2

Group Dynamics, continued TASKS ØGroup tasks impact how a group interacts. • Why? •

Group Dynamics, continued TASKS ØGroup tasks impact how a group interacts. • Why? • What is task interdependence? – pooled – sequential – reciprocal © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 3

Types of Task Interdependence © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14. 3

Types of Task Interdependence © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14. 3 4

Group Dynamics, continued ROLES Role: Tasks that a member of a group is expected

Group Dynamics, continued ROLES Role: Tasks that a member of a group is expected to perform Creating roles: management created vs. created in a self-managed team Have you ever worked in a group where roles were not clearly defined? . . What happened? Roles will change and evolve. © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 5

Group Dynamics, continued LEADERSHIP • Formal Leaders vs. Informal Leaders • Group Managers vs.

Group Dynamics, continued LEADERSHIP • Formal Leaders vs. Informal Leaders • Group Managers vs. Group Leaders © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 6

Group Dynamics, continued LEADERSHIP, continued • Challenges of group leaders: Ø clearly communicate expectations

Group Dynamics, continued LEADERSHIP, continued • Challenges of group leaders: Ø clearly communicate expectations Ø motivate group members Ø encourage initiative Ø allow the roles of the members to change/evolve Ø reduce “social loafing” Ø help groups manage conflict effectively Ø others? © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 7

Three Ways to Reduce Social Loafing © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure

Three Ways to Reduce Social Loafing © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14. 7 8

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP DEVELOPMENT © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14.

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP DEVELOPMENT © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14. 4 9

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP NORMS • Group Norms § Shared guidelines or rules for

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP NORMS • Group Norms § Shared guidelines or rules for behavior § Examples? • Conformity vs. Deviance is a failure to conform to group norms © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 10

Balancing Conformity and Deviance in Groups Figure 14. 5 © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All

Balancing Conformity and Deviance in Groups Figure 14. 5 © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 11

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP NORMS, continued Why do group members conform to norms? Ø

Group Dynamics, continued GROUP NORMS, continued Why do group members conform to norms? Ø obtain rewards / avoid punishments Ø imitate group members who they respect Ø believe the norm is the proper way Ø others? How does a manager encourage an appropriate balance between conformity and deviance? © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 12

Group Dynamics GROUP COHESIVENESS • The degree to which members are loyal to the

Group Dynamics GROUP COHESIVENESS • The degree to which members are loyal to the group • What is the value in group cohesiveness? • What contributes to group cohesiveness? © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 13

Sources and Consequences of Group Cohesiveness © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure

Sources and Consequences of Group Cohesiveness © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. Figure 14. 6 14

Group Dynamics Summary Elements of group dynamics: Size Tasks Roles Leadership Group development Norms

Group Dynamics Summary Elements of group dynamics: Size Tasks Roles Leadership Group development Norms Cohesiveness © Copyright Mc. Graw-Hill. All rights reserved. 15