Group 4 Flowering Plants Angiosperms flowering plants Flower

Group 4: Flowering Plants • Angiosperms (flowering plants) • Flower = reproductive structure – Attract animals to help spread pollen – Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds • Seeds – Grow inside the fruit – Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Endosperm (Food supply)

Seed Dispersal • Fruit brightly colored – Attracts animals • Seeds pass through animals digestive system • Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop

Angiosperm Groups • 2 groups: Based on seed type • Cotyledon: embryonic leaf • Two Categories: – Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf – Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

Monocots vs. Dicots Know this one ehh Know this one

Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 Net-like veins 4 5

Monocot or Dicot? 2 3 1 4 6 5

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins branch outward

Angiosperm Life Spans • Three Life Span Types: • 1) Annuals – Seed grows… – Produce flowers & seeds… – Die • 2) Biennials – 1 st year: • Seed grows and stores food – 2 nd year: • grows more… • makes flowers & seeds… • dies • 3) Perennials – Live for more than 2 years – May take decades to grow fruit

Flowers petals sepals • Reproductive structure of angiosperms • Sepals – outer ring of leaves – protection • Petals – Inner ring of leaves – Brightly colored to attract pollinators • Male and female organs found inside

Tulip Pistil and Stamen female

Lily Pistil and Stamen female

Pistil and Stamen female

Pistil and Stamen female

Flowers • Stamen (male) – Anther: tip of stamen, produces pollen (sperm) • Carpel/Pistil (female) – Inner most part – Ovary: within the base • Contains eggs • Grows into fruit when fertilized – Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen

Self-Pollination (pollen fertilizes it’s own egg/eggs) . . .

Cross-Pollination (pollen of one, fertilizes egg of another flower) . . .

Angiosperm Life Cycle 1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

2. Animal (pollinator) finds new flower to feed on & pollen grains land on the stigma = pollination 3. Pollen tube grows towards the ovary and 2 sperm nuclei transfer down into the ovule . . Let’s egg zoom in

4. Angiosperms go through the process of double fertilization. • 1 sperm fuse with the egg = zygote • 1 sperm fuse with the eggpolar nuclei = triploid (3 n) endosperm Double Fertilization Zygote Endosperm (3 n)

5. Each ovule becomes a seed. Endosperm Seed Coat Embryo 6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit.

7. Flower dries up and fruit falls to ground.

8. Animals eat fruit…. seeds come out the other end…

9. Seeds get dispersed. 10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. Ground

Dominant Phase? Plant type Gametophyte Sporophyte Moss More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes XX- Archegonium XY – Antheridium Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced. GAMETOPHYTE Fern Haploid plant body is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) SPOROPHYTE Conifer (Gymnosperm) Male gametophytes are pollen grains sperm Female gametophytes are microscopic eggs More familiar - like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores SPOROPHYTE Flowers (Angiosperm) Pollen grains are male gametophytes 2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule egg + 2 polar More familiar - apple tree, SPOROPHYTE peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores

Sporophyte Dominant Phase? Plant type Gametophyte Moss Stalk with cup at tip, which More familiar, carpet-like is where spores are plant that produces produced. specialized gametes XX - Archegonium XY - Antheridium Fern More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) Haploid plant body is size of SPOROPHYTE a finger nail, produces both male and female parts Conifer (Gymnosperm) More familiar - like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores Male gametophytes are pollen grains sperm Female gametophytes are microscopic eggs Flowers (Angiosperm) Pollen grains are male gametophytes 2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule egg + 2 polar More familiar - apple tree, peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores GAMETOPHYTE SPOROPHYTE