GROUNDING 101 GROUNDING 101 WHY DO WE GROUND

GROUNDING 101

GROUNDING 101

WHY DO WE GROUND? ØSAFETY u. Protect People u. Protect Equipment from Fault Currents Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 3

WHY SHOULD WE GROUND? Electricity will always follow the path of least resistance to ground. Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your body to get to ground Grounded Circuit Requirements: • Path is continuous and permanent • Ample capacity • Low Resistance • Circuit parts are bonded together Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 4

WHAT DO WE GAIN? u. Provides personnel safety - #1 priority u. Provides a stable signal reference for instrument accuracy u. Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s) u. Provides a discharge path for short circuits and lightning strikes Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 5

LIGHTNING PROTECTION u. LIGHTNING FACTS w. Packs between 35, 000 and 40, 000 amperes w. Generates temperatures as high as 50, 000 C w. Travels as far as 40 miles w. Strikes somewhere on the earth every second w. Kills 100 people each year in the U. S. A. w. Destroys millions of dollars in property and equipment Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 6

STATIC DISCHARGE u THE Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 7 UNWANTED SPARK

Grounding Locations Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 8

BURNDY HAS THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTS u. MECHANICA u L u COMPRESSION EXOTHERMIC (weld) Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 9

MECHANICAL Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 10

WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR? u Makes a secure connection using bolts or other hardware to bind conductors in place. u Range Taking No special tooling u u u Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 11 Inexpensive Removable

WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CONNECTORS? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 12

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. BUS BAR / FLAT BAR GB Cable to bar with separator Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS GBM Cable directly to bar 13 GZ Cable to bar loop

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. BUS BAR / FLAT BAR GL GCM QGFL Two parallel cables / tap GC Two Cables directly to bar Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS Two cable to bar with separator 14 Eye in basket

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. BUS BAR / FLAT BAR GKA Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS KPB 15 KC Servit post

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GK GP GAR Three cable parallel GD Two cable Perpendicular Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS Two cable parallel 16 Cable to rod

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING GG Cable or braid to rod Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS GAR-TC KC Servit post 17 Cable at 45 90 degrees

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING Lower cost clamps GC-A Duel rated pipe clamps Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 18

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. GROUND RODS / REBAR GRC GAR GP Ground Rod Clamp Two cable perpendicular Cable to rod Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 19 GK Three cable parallel

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. STATIC GROUND GIE Vehicle or temporary ground Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS GP-G 1 Raised flooring 20 GRF Raised flooring

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. CABLE & BRAID Braid Spans movable areas GG GX Cross connection Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS Cable or braid to rod KA Tap to run 21

CONNECTOR CATEGORIES u. RAIL & BEAM u. TRANSFORMER KC J&RGC Servit post GA-H Cable to H beam or tube Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 22 QGFL Eye in basket

HIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTS KS 25 AVAILABLE FROM #2 TO 500 kcmil u. UL Listed for direct burial Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 23

HIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split Bolt Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 24

HIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split Bolts u Used for any combination of copper and aluminum conductors. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 25

JOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUM Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 26

RAISED FOOR GROUNDING u RAISED FLOOR GROUND GRIDS Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 27

GRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOOR Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 28 u Can be used on round or square pedestals u Accommodates one or two grounding wires

GP-G 1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOOR u Epoxy paint penetrating u Can be used on round or square pedestals u Accommodates one or two grounding wires Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 29

QUESTION: u. WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR NOT ACCEPTABLE? ANSWER: When a permanent connection is called out, or When connection is exposed to severe conditions such as extreme vibration Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 30

MECHANICAL QUESTIONS? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 31

BURNDYWELD Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 32

BURNDYWELD u USES AN EXOTHERMIC PROCESS TO JOIN COPPER u PROVIDES A SOLID COPPER IRREVERSIBLE BOND u WILL NOT LOOSEN OR CORRODE AT THE WELD Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 33

EXOTHERMIC PROCESS u The exothermic process is a simple, efficient method of welding copper to copper or copper to steel. u This process uses a high temperature reaction of powdered copper oxide and aluminum. u Reaction u Mold takes place in a graphite mold. will last for 50 or more welds with proper care. u This system is very field friendly, since it is light and portable and requires no outside power. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 34

THE SEQUENCE OF STEPS MOLD Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 35 u Open mold using handle clamp, and insert the conductors as desired u Insert steel disc into the mold cavity u Pour powdered metal into the mold cavity u Close the lid u Tap powder container to add the starting powder to ignition pocket u Use flint device to ignite u Brush and remove mold

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 36 SIX STEPS FOR A PERFECT BURNDYWELD

OVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDS CABLE TO CABLE WELD TO REBAR Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 37

MOLDS MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 38

SINGLE SHOTS u PROVIDES THE SAME WELD RESULT IN A COST EFFECTIVE, ONE TIME USE PACKAGE Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 39

WELD QUALITY What do you look for? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 40

WELD QUALITY u Many factors contribute to the weld success Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 41

WELD INSPECTION HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 42

COMMON PROBLEMS WITH EXOTHERMIC WELDING u Moisture u Worn molds u Unclean conductors u Unclean mold u Mistakes made in welding process Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 43

ANY QUESTIONS ON BURNDYWELD? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 44

COMPRESSION Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 45

COMPRESSION THEORY u. CREATION Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS OF A HOMOGENEOUS MASS 46

HY-GROUND SYSTEM Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 47

COMPRESSION » Range Taking » Permanent » Safe to install » Quick and Easy u BURNDY HAS DEVELOPED AN IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION GROUND SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE STRINGENT SAFETY AND PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UL AND IEEE. u CONNECTORS EMPLOY WELL PROVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 60 YEARS. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 48

COMMON APPLICATIONS u Where HY-GROUND is used Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 49

GRID LAY OUT Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 50

COMPONENTS OF HY-GROUND u. WHAT’S NEEDED w. Proper Connector w. Correct Crimping Tool w. Specified Die Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 51

CONNECTORS u IRREVERSIBLE u RATED u MANY CONNECTION FOR DIRECT BURIAL COMPONENTS AVAILABLE Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 52

MEETS REQUIREMENTS u. UNDERWRITERS u. NATIONAL u. IEEE LAB TESTS ELECTRICAL CODE 837 REQUIREMENTS u. UL 96 LISTED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION u. CANADA STANDARDS ASSOCIATION u. APPROVED Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS FOR DIRECT BURIAL 53

UL LISTINGS u Rigorous testing in the Burndy UL facilities ensures all product exceed standards. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 54

SUPERIOR CONNECTION u PRE-FILLED WITH PENETROX OXIDE-INHIBITOR w. Superior connection Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 55

PENETROX E FILLED u. Air u SHOWS u Penetrox VERY FEW CONTACT POINTS Fills The Gaps For Better Contact Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 56 Gaps

EASY TO INSPECT U-997 u DIE INDEX EMBOSSMENT. w. Match embossed number to the number listed the on connector. Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 57

INSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENT u Installs In Wet Environments Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 58

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGLR-C YGHC-C Ground rod to grid Figure C YGL-C Cross connection YGHP-C Figure 6 Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 59

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGHP-C YGHR-C Ground rod or tap Wire third hand YGIB Figure 8 Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS Crimp to structure 60 H-Tap Splice or tap

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND YGHS HGS YGHA GSTUD-HY YGF Splice- heavy duty / standard Hylug Versitail weld on Grounding plate Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 61

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR YGHC-C Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 62

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 63

HY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLS u Y 750 HS u PAT 750 XP 18 V PATRIOT 18 VOLT u Y 46 HY-PRESS REMOTE HEAD Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 64

FINDING THE PROPER DIE INSTALLATION DATA DIE INDEX NUMBER Y 750/Y 35 Y 39 1 Y 45 2 Y 46 NUMBER OF HYPRESS CRIMPS HYPRESS C U-C U-C 1 O U-O U-O 1 u. Installation Data Listed in Catalog Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 65

ANY QUESTIONS ON COMPRESSION? Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 66

WHERE DO YOU USE THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTS? u. MECHANICA u L u COMPRESSION EXOTHERMIC (weld) Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 67

CONNECTION APPLICATIONS u TEL-COM TOWER Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 68

CONNECTION APPLICATIONS u CENTRAL Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS OFFICE SITE 69

DIFFERENT WIRE TYPES u ALWAYS KNOW THE SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE YOU ARE CRIMPING Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 70

WIRE GAGE u KEEP A WIRE MIKE HANDY FOR WIRE IDENTIFICATION Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 71

AVOID CORROSION USE PENETROX-E OXIDE INHIBITOR ON COPPER CONNECTIONS Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 72

THANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTS u PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PRODUCT NEEDS. u TECHNICAL SERVICE (800) 451 -4956 NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU! Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 73