Green Oak Tortrix viridana Green Oak Tortrix Other

Green Oak Tortrix viridana

Green Oak Tortrix • Other common names: European oak leaf roller, green oak leaf roller, pea-green oak curl moth • Pest of Oak species • Native of Europe, Northern Africa, Iran, and Israel • Not yet present in the United States. Image credits: Green tortrix-Wikipedia https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana

Global Distribution of the Green Oak Tortrix Image credits: Tortrix viridana Global distribution – Plantwise http: //www. plantwise. org/Knowledge. Bank/PWMap. aspx? species. ID=44378&ds. ID=54206&loc=global

Distribution of Suitable Hosts in the U. S. • Distribution of Oak species in North America • Potential distribution of green oak tortrix Image credits: Oak distribution map-Marco Castro file: ///C: /Users/bwhitman/Downloads/9783540289081 -c 1. pdf

Pest of Oak • Pest of all oak species (Quercus spp. ) Image credits: Wikipedia https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Oak

Damage Look for: • Rolled leaves • Defoliation • Feeding damage on leaves • Leaves joined with silk Image credits: Rolled leaves – FAO P. Kapitola Accessed 6/3/16 http: //www. fao. org/3/a-i 4084 e. pdf Image 5378850 - Bugwoood Milan Zubrik http: //www. invasive. org/browse/subinfo. cfm? sub=9319

Life cycle Eggs Adult Larvae Pupae Image credit: Eggs UGA 1220081 – Wikipedia https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana Larvae –Milan Zubrik Bugwood. org 5378110 Bugwood. org Pupae – Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood. org 5429227 Adult – Milan Zubrik Bugwood. org 5378849

Identification • Adults • • Wing span of 9 -11 mm Bright to pale green forewing Gray hindwing No markings on wings Image credits: On leaf - Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood. org 5429226 Pinned - Milan Zubrik Bugwood. org 5378849

Lookalikes - Adults Green Oak Tortrix Bicolored Chloraspilates Moth VS • Solid green forewing • Gray hindwing • No markings Image credits: Green oak tortrix - Milan Zubrik Bugwood. org 5378849 Chloraspilates Moth – Lon Brehmer and Enriqueta Flores http: //bugguide. net/node/view/639353 • Spots and a pale brown strip on top edge of forewing • Brown hindwing • Faint darker band on hindwing

Identification • Pupae • Roll up leaves using silk • Pupate between leaves • Pupation lasts 2 to 3 weeks Image credit: Fabio Stergulc Bugwood. org UGA 1297009

Identification • Larvae • • • Image credits: Gyorgy Csoka Bugwood. org 5429143 15 to 20 mm long Green to gray body Brown to black head Black legs Hatch in spring

Identification • Eggs • Laid in cement like mass • Disguised by dust and algae • Round • 0. 7 mm wide • Begin light yellow, then change to brown Image credits: Eggs UGA 1220081 – Wikipedia https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tortrix_viridana

Monitoring Delta trap • Use pheromones for monitoring • Delta traps are the most effective • Moth traps are best if area is dusty • Traps and pheromone lures can be bought online Image credits: Delta trap - USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood. org UGA 2652094 Moth/funnel trap – USDA http: //www. ars. usda. gov/sp 2 User. Files/person/11809/2014_guerrero_etal_00. pdf Moth (funnel) trap

Chemical Control • No effective biological controls • BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) insecticide control • BT was better with pyrethroid or acylurea insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) Aerial spray plane Image credits: Bt gram stain - https: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis Plane - David Mc. Comb, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood. org UGA 1678077 http: //www. forestryimages. org/browse/detail. cfm? imgnum=1678077

Suspect Sample Submissions • Contact your State Department of Agriculture or University Cooperative Extension laboratory – http: //www. npdn. org/home • PPQ form 391, Specimens for Determination – https: //www. aphis. usda. gov/library/for ms/pdf/PPQ_Form_391. pdf An example of a PPQ form for sample submissions Image credits: https: //www. aphis. usda. gov/library/forms/pdf/PPQ_Form_391. pdf

Communications • Contact your State Plant Health Director – https: //www. aphis. usda. gov/aphis/ ourfocus/planthealth/ppq-program -overview/ct_sphd • Contact your State Plant Regulatory Official – http: //nationalplantboard. org/me mbership/ Image credits: http: //www. usda. gov/wps/portal/usdahome; http: //nationalplantboard. org/

Author and Publication Dates • Brianna Whitman, B. S. ‒ Laboratory Technician, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida • Amanda Hodges, Ph. D. ‒ Associate Extension Scientist, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Publication date: October 2016

Reviewers • Catherine A. Marzolf – Assistant State Plant Health Director, USDA APHIS PPQ

Educational Disclaimer and Citation • This presentation can be used for educational purposes for NON-PROFIT workshops, trainings, etc. • Citation: Whitman, Brianna and Amanda Hodges. 2016. Green oak tortrix - Tortrix viridana. Accessed (add the date) – www. protectingusnow. org

Our Partners • United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA) • United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ) • Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey (CAPS) Program • National Plant Board (NPB) • States Department of Agriculture • Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) • Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health (Bugwood) • National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) • U. S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) • U. S. Forest Service (USFS)

References • 1. Arn, H. , E. Priesner, H. Bogenschütz, H. R. Buser, D. L. Struble, S. Rauscher, and S. Voerman. 2014. Sex Pheromone of Tortrix viridana: (Z)-11 -Teradecenyl Acetate as the Main Component. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. 34: 12811284. ‒ http: //www. degruyter. com/view/j/znc. 1979. 34. issue-12/znc-1979 -1237. xml ‒ http: //www. butterfliesandmoths. org/species/Chloraspilates-bicoloraria ‒ http: //www. fao. org/forestry/12273 -0 f 4 aa 140 d 20406 aada 5 e 923 a 94 b 66 f 9 b 2. pdf ‒ http: //www. forestry. gov. uk/pdf/fcin 22. pdf/$FILE/fcin 22. pdf ‒ http: //idtools. org/id/leps/tortai/Tortrix_viridana. htm • 2. Butterflies and Moths of North America: collecting and sharing data about Lepidoptera. 2016. Attributes of Chloraspilates bicoloraria. NBII and USGS. Accessed 6/13/16. • 3. FAO. 2007. Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers, Overview of Forest Pests, Moldova. FAO, Rome. Accessed 6/3/16. • 4. Gibbs, John. 1999. Dieback of Pedunculate Oak. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh. Accessed 6/3/16. • 5. Gillian, Todd M. and Marc E. Epstein. 2014. Tort. AI: Tortricids of Agricultural Importance. Colorado State University. Accessed 6/3/16.

References • 6. Huffaker, C. B. , P. S. Messenger. 1976. Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press Inc. , London, UK. ‒ https: //books. google. com/books? id=GBbz. K 3 v. CPYC&pg=PA 327&lpg=PA 327&dq=tortrix+viridana+control&source=bl&ots=0 dp. HHiv. JA&sig=Houun. B_4 u. Lg. Wxg 0 GJJNvn. ANZCDY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0 ah. UKEwjlvo. G 8 j 6 j. NAh. WL 1 x 4 KHXI 2 Bk. E 4 Ch. Do. AQg 8 MAY#v=onepage&q=tortrix%20 viridana%20 control&f=false • 7. Kimber, Ian. Green Oak Tortrix: Tortrix viridana. UKMoths. Accessed 6/1/16. ‒ http: //ukmoths. org. uk/species/tortrix-viridana ‒ http: //www. fao. org/3/a-i 4084 e. pdf ‒ http: //wbd. etibioinformatics. nl/bis/tortricidae. php? menuentry=soorten&id=279 ‒ http: //link. springer. com/article/10. 1007%2 FBF 02033947#page-1 • 8. Lakatos, Ferenc, and Stefan Mirtchev. 2014. Handbook of the Major Forest Pests in Southeast Europe. FAO, Pristina. Accessed 6/3/16 • 9. Meijerman, L. , S. A. Ulenberg. Arthropods of Economic Importance: Eurasian Tortricidae. Zoological Museum University of Amsterdam. Linnaeus 1758. • 10. Novotný, Von J. , J. Patočka, I. Hrdý, and J. Vrkoč. 1990. Zur Überwachung des grünen Eichenwicklers, Tortrix viridana L. (Lep. , Tortricidae) mittels synthetischen Sexualpheromons. 63: 125 -129.

References • 11. OPAL Explore Nature. 2016. Oak pests and diseases. Big Lottery Fund. Accessed 6/14/16. ‒ https: //www. opalexplorenature. org/oak-pests-diseases#/1 ‒ http: //pest. ceris. purdue. edu/pest. php? code=ITBUEWA ‒ http: //www. plantwise. org/Knowledge. Bank/Datasheet. aspx? dsid=54206 ‒ http: //www. dem. ri. gov/programs/bnatres/agricult/pdf/pests_greenoaktortrixmoth. pdf ‒ http: //new. russellipm-agriculture. com/insect. php? insect_id=126&lang=en ‒ http: //bfw. ac. at/400/iufro_workshop/proceedings/263270_B 13_Romica%20 Tomescu%20+%20 Constantin%20 Netoiu_poster. pdf • 12. Pest Tracker: Exotic Pest Reporting. 2016. Purdue. Accessed 6/1/16. • 13. Plantwise Knowledge Bank. 2016. Plantwise Technical Factsheet: green oak leaf-roller. Accessed 6/3/16. • 14. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management/Division of Agriculture. 2015. Green Oak Tortrix: Tortrix viridana. USDA. Accessed 6/1/16. • 15. Russell IPM: Integrated Pest Management. 2016. Agriculture: Tortrix viridana. Accessed 6/6/16. • 16. Tomescu, Romica, and Constantin Netoiu. 2005. Control of the Broad Leave’s Main Defoliators in Romania in 2005. Forest Research and Management Institute.