Green Building Center for Excellence Test Bed for

Green Building Center for Excellence - Test Bed for Performance Assessment of Control Strategies Yiqun Pan 1, Xingbin Lin 2, Zhizhong Huang 1, James Sun 3, Osman Ahmed 4 1 Tongji University, Shanghai, China 2 University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, USA 3 Siemens Co. , Ltd. Shanghai, China 4 Siemens Co. , USA

Green Building Center of Excellence Summary: Long-term (Over next five years) goals: Build a real building on campus that can be designed, built, and operated as a green building but can as a research, technology, and innovation hub and incubation center for future green building 2. Short-term (Over next 2 -3 years) goals: Establish a building automation laboratory and test bed that can be used for: � 1. Testing and assessment of current state-of-the art control strategies that are specially interesting to the Chinese market 2. Develop and test sustainable and energy efficient control strategies that are specifically suited to the local market but globally applicable 3. Test and assess new European and other standards 4. Develop and test smart monitoring solutions 5. Use the laboratory and test bed for education and training and holding workshops and seminars on green technology and innovation for the local building industry 6. Use knowledge and experience in establishing the real building as a center of excellence for green building and research SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 2

Real Building Green Building Center of excellence- A Roadmap at Tongji Univ. Building that thinks and acts, knows you, and generates resources Future Green Center of Excellence Real Environment An Integrated green building that has green energy and water resources Simulated Environment Focus areas Sustainable and energy efficient Monitoring Solutions Current Control Strategies 0 SIEMENS CKI Project Review 1 2 Timeline (years) 3 4 3

Research Progress 4 First Phase: Simulated Environment SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011

Work Packages � WP 1: Design and implement a BAS test bed � WP 2: Selection and installation of simulation and performance tools and software � WP 3: Select existing control strategies that can be used for performance determination and assessment � WP 4: Simulation of control strategies and performance assessment SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 5

WP 1: BAS test bed � Real-time simulation of the building model and HVAC system � BEMS: Siemens APOGEE building automation system �A software interface to couple BEMS and building and HVAC model by Insight OPC server SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 6

Building Model Based on the overall situation of office buildings in Shanghai � A three-storey office building: each floor area 1000 m 2 � Building envelope and internal loads: Chinese standard GB 501892005 “Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings” � SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 7

HVAC System AHU VAV box Layout of AHUs and VAV boxes SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 8

HVAC System SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 9

WP 2: simulation tools and software � Building and HVAC system model: TRNSYS � Control system: APOGEE series products � Link between APOGEE system and TRNSYS simulation: middleware with OPC interface/HMI � Other tools: DOE-2. 1 e, Energy. Plus 3. 1 SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 10

Run-time coupled simulation Middleware • Control strategies which can be called by TRNSYS • New established Type for data communication Real Controller • • Building model HVAC Components Controllers Required energy calculation TRNSYS Main Interface SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 11

SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 12

HVAC System in TRNSYS SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 13

WP 3: Select existing control strategies � Selected from EU standard EN 15232: › Heating and cooling control �Control of distribution network water temperature �Control of distribution pumps �Generator (chiller and boiler) control (On/Off) and modulating › Ventilation and air conditioning control �Air flow control at the room level �Air pressure control at the air handler level �Supply temperature control � Two cases with selected control strategies › Baseline Case › Improved Case SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 14

WP 3: Select existing control strategies BACS functions Baseline Improved case Air flow control at room No control (D) level Demand control (A)（Temperature control） Air flow control at the AHU level On-off time control (A) Automation flow or pressure control without pressure reset (A) Supply air temperature control Constant set point (C) Variable set point with outdoor temperature compensation (B) Secondary chilled water pumps On-off control (D) Variable speed with constant ΔP (A) Chiller outlet temperature control Constant temperature (D) Variable temperature depending on outdoor temperature (A) SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 15

WP 4: Simulation of control strategies and performance assessment � Single software simulation with TRNSYS � Hardware-in-the-loop simulation: run-time coupled simulation � Simulation results comparison: software vs. hardware SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 16

Single software simulation with TRNSYS Supply Air Temperature on Summer Design Day 19. 7 Supply Air Temperature on Winter Design Day 35 30 19. 2 25 18. 7 20 15 18. 2 10 17. 7 5 Interior_base Perimeter_base Interior_base Perimeter_improved Interior_improved 11/24/2011 0 0 8: 0 00 Perimeter_base SIEMENS CKI Project Review -1 -1 17 : 16 : 00 6: 0 7: 0 0 0 -1 15 : 00 -1 5: 0 0 00 14 : -1 00 3: 0 -1 13 : 00 12 : 4: 0 0 0 2: 0 0 -1 00 11 : -1 1: 0 00 00 0: 10 : 00 -1 9: 08: 0 9: 0 - 9: 8: 0 00 00 -1 0: 10 00 : 0 011 : 0 11 0 : 0 012 : 0 12 0 : 0 013 : 0 13 0 : 0 014 : 0 14 0 : 0 015 : 0 15 0 : 0 016 : 0 16 0 : 0 017 : 0 17 0 : 0 018 : 0 0 17. 2 17

Single software simulation with TRNSYS Total Supply Air Rate on Summer and Winter Design Days 100000 90000 80000 Air flow rate(m 3/h) 70000 60000 basewinter 50000 basesummer 40000 improved_winter 30000 improved_summer 20000 11/24/2011 : 0 0 0 - 18 0 17 : 0 00 -1 7: 0 0 16 : 00 -1 6: 0 0 15 : 00 -1 5: 0 0 14 : 00 -1 4: 0 0 13 : 00 -1 3: 0 0 12 : 2: 0 -1 00 SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11 : 1: 0 00 10 : 9: 00 -1 0: 00 9: 08: 0 0 0 18

Single software simulation with TRNSYS Monthly Electrical Consumption of Chillers 12000 10000 8000 Base case 6000 Improved case 4000 Monthly Energy Consumption of boilers 2000 70000 0 Jan Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun Jul Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec Month Energy Consumption(k. Wh) 60000 50000 40000 Base case 30000 Improved case 20000 10000 g Se p O ct N ov D ec l Au Ju n Ju ay r M Ap ar M b Fe n 0 Ja Electric Consumption (k. Wh) 14000 Month SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 19

Single software simulation with TRNSYS 25000 Electric consumption/k. Wh 20000 Improved case_cooling tower 15000 Improved case_pump Improved case_chiller Improved case_fan Base case_cooling tower 10000 Base case_pump Base case_chiller Base case_fan 5000 0 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Jul Au g Se p O ct N ov D ec Month SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 20

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation 25000 Electric consumption/k. Wh 20000 Improved case_cooling tower 15000 Improved case_pump Improved case_chiller Improved case_fan 10000 Base case_cooling tower Base case_pump Base case_chiller Base case_fan 5000 0 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Jul Au g Se p O ct N ov D ec Month SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 21

Simulation results comparison: software vs. hardware Base Case Improve Case 25000 20000 Software_cooling tower Software_fan 15000 Software_pump Software_chiller Hardware_cooling tower 10000 Hardware_fan Hardware_pump Hardware_chiller 5000 0 0 Jan Feb. Mar Apr. May. Jun Jul Aug. Sep Oct. Nov. Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Electric consumption (k. Wh) SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 22

Simulation results comparison: software vs. hardware Improved Case Base Case 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 0 Hardware Software Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Energy Consumption of boilers (k. Wh) SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 23

Simulation results comparison: software vs. hardware TRNSYS Base case Improved case Electric use (k. Wh) Fuel use (k. Wh) 130, 087 241, 817 3. 6% 5. 6% Real controller 134, 976 256, 206 TRNSYS 73, 959 153, 536 Real controller SIEMENS CKI Project Review 5. 1% 77, 916 7. 8% 166, 586 11/24/2011 24

Summary � The hardware-in-the-loop emulation test bed can be used to emulate HVAC control systems and evaluate corresponding control strategies � Three major factors which may affect the accuracy of hardware-in-the-loop test bed emulation are computer operation time of TRNSYS, varies of sampling period and the lag of data transfer � The selection of controller’s parameters makes a significant impact on emulation results. And there is no directly relationship between the parameters in “virtual’ controllers and in real controllers. SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 25

Demonstration panel (to be determined) SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 26

Research Progress 27 Second Phase: Real Environment SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011

Eco-Tech Park on Jiading Campus � Test Bed › An office building of 476. 4 sq. m. , two floors � Heating and cooling source › Ground-source heat pump � HVAC system › VAV system � Control system › SBT SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 28

Test Bed – Real Environment SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 29

Test Bed – Real Environment SIEMENS CKI Project Review 11/24/2011 30

Thanks! Any Questions? Contact: yiqunpan@tongji. edu. cn