Greek Wars Greek Warfare Phalanx Greek fighting formation

Greek Wars

Greek Warfare • Phalanx- Greek fighting formation consisting of rows of men armed with long spears.

The Persian Wars: Overview Despite their cultural ties, the Greek city-states were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states.

The First Persian War 546 B. C • Cause – Persian Empire conquers Greek colonies in Ionia • Response – Ionians refuse to pay tribute and begin to rebel – Secretly the Athenians send weapons & a ship to aide the rebellion

The First Persian War 546 B. C • Result: – Darius I of Persia crushes rebellion – leaves Athens Greek vs. Persian alone but always remembers

The Second Persian War 490 BC • Cause – Revenge for Athenian interference • “Master, Remember the Athenians” every day a servant said that to King Darius!

The Second Persian War 490 BC • Results – Battle of Marathon • Outnumbered Greeks defeat Persians • Pheidippides carries message of victory home to Athens 26 miles • The distance of the marathon. “Rejoice, we conquer. ” Then he died.

Third Persian War 480 B. C. • Cause – Persians want revenge – Come after Athens by land by sea Major Battles – Battle of Thermopylae Led by Spartan King Leonidas 6, 000 Greeks vs. 200, 000 Persians Athens is burned

Third Persian War 480 B. C. Major Battles –Strait of Salamis: Naval Battle Persian fleet sunk -Forced to retreat! –Battle of Plataea a year later final Persia forces defeated Battle of Salamis

The Delian League Formed • • Alliance headed by Pericles of Athens To defend further Persian invasion Collected dues from members Problems 1. Forced members to remain 2. Used $ to rebuild Athens 3. Promoted democracies only Sparta jealous!

The Impact of the Persian Wars 1. Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state. 2. Athens organized the Delian League, 3. With Pericles as its leader, Athens enters into its Golden Age! 4. Sparta will eventually form an opposing alliance

The Peloponnesian War: The Alliance System Fails!

The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES 431 B. C. 1. Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. 2. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League. 3. Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy… Who do you think will win?

The Peloponnesian War • Athens believes they are fighting for democracy and the good of Greece • 27 year war ensues • Enthusiasm for the war high on both sides • Percales depends on the navy, high walls and food supplies to string out the war

"long wall" strategy of Pericles

A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens! • Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population • Plague sweeps through a total of 3 times during the war • Morale is low • Generals are dead, Pericles is dead, no leadership

The Peloponnesian War • Sparta builds a blockade around the walls… • No supplies or food from the countryside • Athens surrenders! • All the Greek citystates divided and chaos!

The Peloponnesian War: Effects 1. Persia gained control of many city-states (Asia Minor) 2. Defeated democracy in Greece 3. Athen’s cultural influence continues

• Ancient Greek Timeline Using your notes and the book make a timeline of ancient Greek history You should include following events: 1. The Minoan Civilization (book, pg 114) 2. The Mycenaean Civilization 3. The Trojan War 4. Homer’s writings are written. 5. Rise of Sparta and Athens (650 BC) 6. The Persian wars (all 3 from your notes) 7. Peloponnesian War Make sure you include the: -Dates -And a sentence telling what happened in each event or era. (Timeline should be colored)