Greek Political Systems and Greek Wars Unit 12

Greek Political Systems and Greek Wars Unit 12

Monday, March 9 �Welcome! �Take out a blank sheet of paper and answer the following prompt in three paragraphs, seven sentences each: �Considering our discussion of Ancient Greek geography, describe what type of culture developed as a result of geography and why? What factors contributed to this civilization’s development as its’ specific culture? How did the geography impact the way people lived and worked?

Monday, March 9 �Welcome! �Please come in and have a seat silently. �Take out your vocabulary words and begin studying to play I Have, Who Has.

Cornell Notes 3/9/15 Greek Political Systems and Wars Slide Title White

Early Greece �After the Minoans and the Mycenaeans (1100 BCE-800 BCE) the Greeks began to establish Ancient Greece the way we know today. �Buildings were constructed for the gods and goddesses and there was a majority oligarchy rule. �Oligarchy: form of government in which all power is held by a few people or by a dominant class or clique; government by the few. Rulers had absolute power.

Early Greece – Expansion �Men built and expanded city-states (think: Athens and Sparta) �City-states: Polis = city-state - considered “mini countries” that had their own rules and laws, their own currency, and their own beliefs. �City-states all started out as monarchies but they were all eventually overthrown by citizens.

Early Greece – Tyrants �One person of higher wealth trying to hold political power. �Power taken illegally. �They needed the support of people. �Tyrants were like kings, but they didn’t have the initial birthright to rule.

Early Greece – Government �Government varied from region to region. � Islands, city-states, mountains separated areas, etc. �Most areas were ruled either by a tyrant or an oligarchy. �Pericles emerges as a strong leader and speaker. He developed the idea of democracy. �Democracy: government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is held by the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected representatives under a free system.

Democracy – Who had Rights? �Only citizens could vote � Free men, both parents had to be from Athens (Athenian) �No women, slaves, children or people from other Greek city-states.

Democracy Spreads �Slowly, other city-states began to introduce democracy. �Democracy was spread to other non-Greek areas as well. � How? �The U. S. Government is based on Athenian democracy. �Trial By Jury was developed in Athens as well: a group of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of committing a crime after hearing all evidence.

Political Theories �Ideas spread city to city by debating philosophers �Think: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle �Athens: Democracy (excluded were those who were women, children, and people who weren’t citizens) �Sparta: Oligarchy (ruled by only a few select people – had 2 kings)

Ancient Greek Wars �Peloponnesian Wars �Persian War �Trojan War

Ancient Greek Wars �Peloponnesian Wars: 431 -404 BCE �Battles named for where they were fought. �Between Athens and Sparta � Athens: democracy, education, culture, learning � Sparta: military, warriors, defense �Joined together to defeat Persian army (480 -479 BCE)

Ancient Greek Wars �First Peloponnesian War (460 -446 BCE) caused by Athens spreading culture and Sparta being threatened by it. �Power struggle between Athens and Sparta �At the end of the war, the Thirty Years’ Peace was declared. �Only lasted for fifteen years since Athens helped one of Sparta’s allies in another battle. �Sparta threatened war in late summer 432 BCE, but war only fought in Spring and Summer so fighting started the next year.

The Course of the War �Constant invasions by the other for years. �Both sides claimed victories, but neither could claim overall victory. �One of Athens’ new generals helped Sparta to defeat Athens in Sicily, and Athenian government and military suffered. �Athens regained strength and continued to fight despite Sparta’s constant offerings of peace.

The End of the War �Eventually, Sparta (with the help of Persia) defeated Athens and blocked their main port of food (ships dock and bring food to Athenians). �Athenians began starving to death so in 404 BCE, Athens surrendered. �Athens would never regain its strength in learning or culture again (why these wars were considered a turning point in history). �Greek city-states would never again have strong power.

Persian War �fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century. �fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479 �Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds and even succeeded in liberating Greek city-states �Greek triumph ensured the survival of Greek culture and political structures long after the demise of the Persian empire.

Persian War � Persian kings extended their rule from the Indus River valley to the Aegean Sea � Persians gradually conquered the small Greek city-states along the coast � 500 BCE the Greek city-states on the western coast of Anatolia rose up in rebellion against Persia � Uprising, known as the Ionian revolt (500– 494 BC), failed, but its consequences for the mainland Greeks were momentous � Battles continued for years, but in 449 BCE the Peace of Callias finally ended the hostilities between Athens and its allies and Persia.

Trojan War – The Dispute � The 3 goddesses asked Zeus who was the most beautiful � Zeus refused to answer and sent them to Paris � The 3 Goddesses gave offers to Paris until he chose 1 goddess: � Hera � Promised to make him lord of Europe, and Asia � Athena � Promised he would lead the Trojans to victory and leave Greece in ruins � Aphrodite � Promised the fairest woman in all the world would be his

The Decision � Paris chose Aphrodite's offer, and he would receive the fairest woman in the world � Helen, Zeus’s daughter � However, Helen was already married to Menelaus, the king of Sparta and brother of Agamemnon � Menelaus went to find Helen and called upon all of Greece to help him � The Trojan War started and lasted for 10 years

The Greeks versus The Trojans �Greeks: Hera, Athena, Poseidon, Agamemnon, Menelaus �Trojans: Paris, Aphrodite, Ares (God of War), Apollo, Artemis, Hector, Zeus �Paris and Menelaus would fight it out alone for Helen �The war could have ended here, but Hera and Athena wanted to ruin Troy. Athena ordered a Trojan to shoot at Menelaus and the battle begins with everyone.

The War Continues � Agamemnon wanted to sail home � Hera had her plans � She would talk to Zeus in hopes that he couldn’t resist her � Zeus fell for it, and the battle turned in favor of the Greeks � Hector felt that he could not be killed, until he is found lying in the plains where Zeus finds him � Hera is blamed � At Hector’s funeral, it is described that the Illiad ends

The Fall of Troy � With Hector dead, Achilles knew he would die soon because his mother had predicted it � His last battle was against the King of Ethiopia, and when he is killed his body is carried out by Ajax � Ajax wanted to kill Agamemnon and Menelaus for turning the vote against him � The 3 men as well as Odysseus fought over Achilles body parts � Greece started to feel depressed by all the deaths that were occurring � Troy couldn’t fall until they were fought against with bow and arrow of Hercules

Taking the bow and arrows �Hercules died by Prince Philocetes �Odysseus, other Neoptolemus aka Pyrrhus (the young of Achilles) took the bow/arrows �Paris was wounded by it and wanted to go to Oenone , a nymph who was with him before he met the three goddess � She knew a drug that could help him � He always forgot about her and therefore she didn’t help him �He died and she later killed herself

False security �***Although Troy had lost Paris it was okay because as long as they had Palladium, Troy couldn’t be taken � 10 years past and troy was as strong as ever. The Greeks came up with the plan to make a wooden horse… the others stayed people of Greeks near the island so they could sail home �The Trojans had false security when they heard only silence and all but one of the Greek ships were gone.

Greece wins � Priest Laocoon feared the horse because it had come from Greece � The Greeks hoped the Trojans would try to destroy it causing Athena’s anger upon them � They brought it to the temple of Athena and in the middle of the night everyone returned to their houses � Aphrodite was the only god who helped a Trojan. She helped Helen and gave her to Menelaus, they sailed to Greece � Troy was gone, Greece ships awaited. � **you’ve finished! Yay!

Kahoot Directions �You are going to create your own 10 -question Kahoot based on either Ancient Greek geography OR Ancient Greek political systems and wars. �Your questions must be multiple choice. �Your questions must be appropriate (we may use your quiz for review). �Your questions must relate to the material. �You may work independently or with ONE partner.