GREEK ARTICLE AND PRONOUNS THE DEFINITE ARTICLE sing

GREEK ARTICLE AND PRONOUNS

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (sing. ) Masculine Nominative ὁ Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter ἡ τό

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (sing. ) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὁ ἡ τό Accusative τόν τήν τό Genitive Dative

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (sing. ) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὁ ἡ τό Accusative τόν τήν τό τοῦ τῆς τοῦ Genitive Dative

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (sing. ) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὁ ἡ τό Accusative τόν τήν τό Genitive τοῦ τῆς τοῦ Dative τῷ τῇ τῷ

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (plural) Masculine Nominative οἱ Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αἱ τά

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἱ αἱ τά Accusative τόυς τά Genitive Dative

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἱ αἱ τά Accusative τόυς τά τῶν Genitive Dative τῶν

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE ὁ, ἡ, τό (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἱ αἱ τά Accusative τόυς τά Genitive τῶν τῶν Dative τοῖς ταῖς τοῖς

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (singular) Masculine Nominative ὅς Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter ἥ ὅ

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (singular) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὅς ἥ ὅ Accusative ὅν ἥν ὅ Genitive Dative

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (singular) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὅς ἥ ὅ Accusative ὅν ἥν ὅ οὗ ἧς οὗ Genitive Dative

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (singular) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὅς ἥ ὅ Accusative ὅν ἥν ὅ Genitive οὗ ἧς οὗ Dative ᾧ ᾗ ᾧ

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (plural) Masculine Nominative οἵ Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αἵ ἅ

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἵ αἵ ἅ Accusative οὕς ἅς ἅ Genitive Dative

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἵ αἵ ἅ Accusative οὕς ἅς ἅ ὧν ὧν Genitive Dative ὧν

THE RELATIVE PRONOUN ὅς, ἥ, ὄ (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἵ αἵ ἅ Accusative οὕς ἅς ἅ Genitive ὧν ὧν ὧν Dative οἷς αἷς οἷς

1 st PERSON PRONOUN I Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative ἐγώ me (enclitic) - we ἡμεῖς

1 st PERSON PRONOUN I Nominative ἐγώ me (enclitic) - Accusative ἐμέ με Genitive Dative we ἡμεῖς ἡμᾶς

1 st PERSON PRONOUN I Nominative ἐγώ me (enclitic) - Accusative ἐμέ με ἡμᾶς ἐμοῦ μου ἡμῶν Genitive Dative we ἡμεῖς

1 st PERSON PRONOUN I Nominative ἐγώ me (enclitic) - we Accusative ἐμέ με ἡμᾶς Genitive ἐμοῦ μου ἡμῶν Dative ἐμοί μοι ἡμῖν ἡμεῖς

2 nd PERSON PRONOUN Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative you (sing. ) (enclitic) σύ - you (pl. ) ὑμεῖς

2 nd PERSON PRONOUN Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative you (sing. ) (enclitic) σύ σέ σε you (pl. ) ὑμεῖς ὑμᾶς

2 nd PERSON PRONOUN Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative you (sing. ) (enclitic) σύ - you (pl. ) ὑμεῖς σέ σε ὑμᾶς σοῦ σου ὑμῶν

2 nd PERSON PRONOUN Nominative you (sing. ) (enclitic) σύ - you (pl. ) ὑμεῖς σέ σε ὑμᾶς Genitive σοῦ σου ὑμῶν Dative σοί σοι ὑμῖν Accusative

PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό • Declension is as καλός except for the neuter nom. and acc. sing. in –ο • The accusative, genitive and dative cases on their own serve as a 3 rd. person, non-reflexive pronoun – αὐτοὺς ὁρῶ I see them – Ἰάσων τὸν ἵππον αὐτοῦ ὁpᾷ Jason sees his (someone else’s) horse. • In the nominative as subject of a verb or in all cases when in predicative position (i. e. outside an article-noun pair) the meaning is emphatic `himself’, `herself’ etc – τὸν Ἰάσονα αὐτὸν ὁρῶ I see Jason himself – αὐτοὶ τὸ ἄροτρον λαμβαίνουσι They take the plough themselves • As an adjective in the attributive position (between article and noun). It means `same’ – ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ οἰκίᾳ in the same house

αὐτός Masculine Nominative αὐτός Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αὐτή αὐτό

αὐτός Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative αὐτός αὐτή αὐτό Accusative αὐτόν αὐτήν αὐτό Genitive Dative

αὐτός Masculine Nominative αὐτόι Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αὐταί αὐτά

αὐτός Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative αὐτόι αὐταί αὐτά Accusative αὐτούς αὐτά Genitive Dative

αὐτός Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative αὐτόι αὐταί αὐτά Accusative αὐτούς αὐτά Genitive αὐτῶν Dative αὐτῶν

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS • The 3 rd person reflexive pronoun (himself, herself, itself etc. )is formed by adding the prefix ἑ- to the accusative, genitive and dative forms of αὐτος: – οἱ παῖδες ἑαυτοὺς ἐπαίρουσι The boys get themselves up • Notice the difference between αὐτόν (emphatic) and ἑαυτόν (reflexive): – ὁ Θησεὺς ἑαυτὸν σῴζει Theseus saves himself – αὐτὸν Θησέα σῴζομεν We save Theseus himself • The 1 st and 2 nd person reflexives similarly use the prefixes ἐμand σε- respectively in the singular but in the plural the ordinary plural pronouns are used with the plural of αὐτός as a separate word. – σεαυτὸν ὁρᾶς You look at yourself – ὑμᾶς αὐτοὺς ὁρᾶτε You look at yourselves

INTERROGATIVE (τίς) AND INDEFINITE (τις) PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE • The forms of these words are identical except for the accent, τίς, τί (who? what)/why? ) always having an acute on the first syllable, which never changes into a grave. – τί ποιεῖς; What are you doing? – τίνα καλεῖς Who are you calling? • τις, τι (a certain, some, anyone, something etc. ) is enclitic but, like other bi-syllabic enclitics, will have an accent on the second syllable if the preceding word has an accent on its penultimate – αὐτουργός τις ἔρχεται Some farmer is coming – περὶ θηρίου τινὸς λέγω I speak about a certain monster

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative M & F (Sing) Neut (Sing) M & F (Plr) Neut (Plr) τίς τίνες τίνα τί

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE M & F (Sing) Neut (Sing) M & F (Plr) Neut (Plr) Nominative τίς τί τίνες τίνα Accusative τίνας τίνα Genitive Dative

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE M & F (Sing) Neut (Sing) M & F (Plr) Neut (Plr) Nominative τίς τί τίνες τίνα Accusative τίνα τί τίνας τίνα Genitive Dative τίνος τίνων

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN/ADJECTIVE M & F (Sing) Neut (Sing) M & F (Plr) Neut (Plr) Nominative τίς τί τίνες τίνα Accusative τίνα τί τίνας τίνα Genitive Dative τίνος τίνων τίνι τίσι(ν)

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN/ADJECTIVES • These pronoun/adjectives resemble the definite article in having a neuter nom/acc. sing. in –ο, not –ον. When used as adjectives, they stand outside an article-noun unit, • οὗτος, αὗτος, τουτο (this) has an initial τ where the article does and has αυ in the first syllable if the second contains α or η, otherwise ου: • ἐκεῖνος, ἐκείνη, ἐκεῖνο (that) follows the regular 1 st/2 nd. declension pattern except for the neuter sing. nom/acc. in –o • ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε(this here) uses the forms of the article plus the suffix –δε but the masculine and feminine nominative are accented. These bear an acute, as do other cases where the article has one, and, despite the short following syllable, this does not change to a circumflex on a long vowel

οὗτός, αὕτη, τοῦτο Masculine Nominative οὗτος Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αὕτη τοῦτο

οὗτός, αὕτη, τοῦτο Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο Accusative τοῦτον ταύτην τοῦτο Genitive Dative

οὗτός, αὕτη, τοῦτο (plural) Masculine Nominative οὗτοι Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αὕται ταῦτα

οὗτός, αὕτη, τοῦτο (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οὗτοι αὕται ταῦτα Accusative τούτους ταύτας ταῦτα Genitive Dative

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (sing. ) Masculine Nominative ὅδε Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter ἥδε τόδε

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (sing. ) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative ὅδε ἥδε τόδε Accusative τόνδε τήνδε τόδε Genitive Dative

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (plural) Masculine Nominative οἵδε Accusative Genitive Dative Feminine Neuter αἵδε τάδε

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἵδε αἵδε τάδε Accusative τόυσδε τάδε Genitive Dative

ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε (plural) Masculine Feminine Neuter Nominative οἵδε αἵδε τάδε Accusative τόυσδε τάδε τῶνδε Genitive Dative