Greek Art ThinkPairShare What are characteristics that make

Greek Art

Think-Pair-Share What are characteristics that make up Greek art?

EOA and POD

Key Term: Greece-a country in southeastern Europe consisting of 2 mainland peninsulas and thousands of islands throughout the Aegean and Ionian seas.

Key Term: Greek-a native or inhabitant of modern Greece, or a person of Greek descent.

Ancient Greek art Most of the ancient Greek art that is still around today is in the forms of pottery, sculpture and architecture. Most ancient Greek paintings have deteriorated or been destroyed, except for most paintings on pottery.

Why are they gone? Greek painters worked mainly on wooden panels, which deteriorated over time. When marble is burned, lime is produced, and that was also the fate of the great bulk of Greek marble statuary during the Middle Ages. The shortage of metal during the Middle Ages led to the majority of Greek bronze statues being melted down. Those statues which had survived did so primarily because they had been buried and forgotten, or as in the case of bronzes having been lost at sea. The great majority of Greek buildings have not survived to this day: either they had been pillaged in war, had been looted for building materials or had been destroyed in Greece’s many earthquakes.

Ancient Greek pottery Greek pots are important because they tell us so much about how life was in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek pots were often beautifully decorated with scenes from daily life. Sometimes these scenes reflected what the pot was used for.

Shapes and Sizes • Pots came in all sorts of shapes and sizes depending on their purpose. • The Ancient Greeks made pottery for everyday use, not for display.

Purpose of Vases Psykteres were wine coolers. Oinochoai were wine jugs. Chytra Used as cooking pots. Stamnoi were used for holding wine before mixing it with water Alabastron Small vases used by women for storing perfume or oil. Lekythoi were oil bottles. Hydria Used to carry water. Amphora Used for carrying and storing solids and liquids. Chous Used as jugs. Kantharos Used as drinking cups with two vertical handles Krater comes from a word meaning 'mix'. Kraters were used for mixing wine with water. Lekanides were small, shallow bowls used by women for storing jewelry and trinkets. Kylikes were special wine cups. The name for this large vase means 'carrying to the bath. ' Loutrophoroi were used to hold water for bathing or for washing. Pyxides were small pots in which women stored their cosmetics, powder or jewelry.

Stylistic periods of Ancient Greek pottery There are two main stylistic periods in Greek vase painting, black-figure and red -figure. n Protogeometric- about 1050 BCE n Geometric- about 900 BCE n Late Geometric or Archaic- about 750 BCE n Black Figure- early 7 th century BCE n Red Figure- about 530 BCE

Key Term: Black Figure Paintingthe designating style of vase painting developed in Greece in the 7 th and 6 th centuries B. C. Characterized by silhouetted figures painted in black slip on a red clay body.

Black Figure Style Technique Black-figure is called that because the people (the figures) are black, and the background is a reddish brown. As the name implies, figures appeared, after the firing of the pot, as black silhouettes against the background of the light red or yellowish clay of the pot. Within the black figures, carved lines revealed the red clay beneath, allowing the artist to trace the inner details of the figure.

Key Term: Red Figure Painting- the designating style of vase painting developed in Athens around 530 B. C. and remained in use until the late 3 rd century B. C. It replaced the previously dominant style of blackfigure vase painting within a few decades.

Red Figure Style Technique In red-figure the people are red and the background is black. The red-figure technique was invented in Athens 530 BCE. The figures remained in the orange-red color of the clay, and the surrounding background was turned to black by the firing of the pot. With this, the method of detailing the figures was changed dramatically. Instead of using a sharp tool to incise lines, the painters used a fine brush, pen or reed to apply lines of color for the inner details of the figures.

Then and Now THEN - THE GREEK WORLD Ancient Greek had City-States NOW - THE MEDITERRANEAN WORLD Today we have countries

Everyday Life in Ancient Greece People Society dominated by Men Arranged by families based on dowry Wife's duty to bear legitimate ▪ Unveiling of the bride at wedding children and manage the household. Women were expected to remain inside her home except for rare occasions. Children Allowed to play until they were seven. When they were seven boys went to school and girl started domestic chores. Marriage Slavery Property of their masters rather than citizens of Greece ▪ domestic servants, factory workers, shopkeepers, mineworkers, farm workers, ship's crewmembers police force, clerks at the treasury office

Everyday Life in Ancient Greece Food Bread, olives, figs, cheese, vegetables, fruit, dried fish, wine Did not have sugar, sweetened their food with honey Did have utensils, ate with their hands.

Everyday Life in Ancient Greece Homes Made of mudbrick and pottery tiles. Floor mosaic or plaster. High windows so thieves couldn’t break in.

Greek Alphabet Greeks were the first to use separate symbols for each vowel and consonant. Used since about the 9 th century BCE

Pottery The Vase - great artistic legacy Pottery made for everyday use, not for display - drinking & storage Black Figure from the early 7 th century BC red and white details and incising for outlines and details Red Figure from about 530 BC pots being painted black & the figures painted in red

Sculpture Marble & Bronze Human form the most important subject. Few sculptures have survived, mostly in Roman copies.

Key Term: Parthenon- a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena.

Greek Religion Different cities worshipped different deities/gods Temples were home of the deity/gods Parthenon • 20, 000 tons of marble, 15 years to complete • 40 foot high statue of the Goddess Athena inside

Key Term: Greek Mythology- the collection of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.

Greek Mythology

Key Term: Delphi- In ancient Greece, Delphi was the seat of the famous oracle that powerful people consulted for advice.

Greek Architecture - Delphi Dates to 1400 BC – one of oldest sites in Greece Pythia - Oracle of Apollo Gave advice on decisions from personal problems to fates of cities. Visitors required to pay a fee based on the importance of the question.

Architecture – Greek Columns Three types of Columns in Greek architecture: Doric order Ionic order Corinthian order

Key Term: Doric Order- The oldest and simplest of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture, characterized by heavy fluted columns with plaint, saucer-shaped capitals and no base.

Key Term: Ionic Order- One of the three main orders of classical Greek Architecture, characterized by two opposed volutes in the capital.

Key Term: Corinthian Order- The last and more ornate of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture. Characterized by a slender fluted column having an ornate flared capital decorated with acanthus leaves.

Theater in every major Greek city First theatrical productions - Athens Dionysus festival 500 BC Initially a single actor accompanied by a chorus of singers All wore masks – allowed actors to play multiple roles All male cast – played female roles Plays sponsored by wealthy patrons

Olympics Founded in 776 BCE at Olympia in southern Greece. Contests every four years Contests include running, chariot racing, boxing, wrestling, etc. Laurel wreath to the victor

Warfare City-States were constantly at war with each other The Trojan War – c. 1250 BC The Persian Wars 490 – 480 BC Peloponnesian War (431 -404 BC) Strict rules of warfare - honor War defined as challenge between two armies Quick decisive battles Exchange of dead after battle Winner seizes land

Key Term: Paper Mache- layers of paper glued and pressed together, molded when moist to form various articles, and becoming hard and strong when dry.

Video-Greek Art History-Goodbye Art Academy

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