GrecoPersian War Persian Empire 521 486 B C

Greco-Persian War Persian Empire, 521 -486 B. C.

Greco-Persian War: 499– 449 BC � Persia too strong, Greeks rebel � At first—Grk city-states are weak b/c not united � Eventually unite � Defeat Persian army after 50 years of fighting �Battle of Marathon— 1 st major victory �Battles of Thermopylae—Grks outnumbered, 300 Spartans fend off Persians in support of the other Grks �Battle of Salamis—Naval Battle, Persian downfall � Athens emerges as major power in Greek World � Create Delian League (alliance of Grk City- States) � Pericles leads them into a “Golden Age”

: e c e e r G f o s t n e m e Achiev e g A n e d l o G k e e r G The

• Socrates Greek Philosophy – Sought truths about big concepts such as truth, justice, and virtue – Education and questioning • Plato – Most famous work is The Republic – What is reality? • Aristotle – Used logic and reason to study natural world. • Ordered thinking, making deductions – Taught Alexander the Great

Art & Architecture • Statues lifelike, active, idealistic • Paintings: on pottery, detailed, red/black, told stories

Art & Architecture • Aim for perfection & symmetry • Parthenon – Dedicated to goddess Athena – Wealth of Athens

Parthenon in Nashville

Temple of Erectheon

Treasury of Delphi

Greek Drama • Tragedies: plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster. – Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides • Comedies: humorous plays that mocked people or customs. – Aristophanes

History • Herodotus “first historian” or “father of history” • Thucydides showed the need to avoid bias.

crap bum

Science: Medicine • Hippocrates & the Hippocratic Oath – all patients must be treated regardless of class

Science: Astronomy • Sun was larger than earth • Determined earth’s true size. • Ptolemy thought the earth was in the center – believed for 14 centuries.

Greek Engineering • Archimedes – Lever – Water Distribution and Pumps – War Machines Give me a lever and a place to stand I will move the earth.

Greek Mathematics • Euclid—modern geometry • Pi—circumference of circle • Pythagoras – explain world in mathematical terms – Theory about relationships of sides of right triangle (Pythagorean Theorem)

Pericles on Athens’s Democracy

Peloponnesian War: 431 -404 BC �Athens v. Sparta �Sparta as military Power, Athens has money � Sparta allies with Persia �Plague breaks out in Athens � Kills 1/3 population �Athens is defeated �Weakens Greece again