GRAVE NEW WORLD democratic journalism enters st the

PART A: INTRO q Later course: § Globalisation impact on audience § Focus on

Coming up q A. Journalism – what is it? § Four normative roles for

PART B: JOURNALISM q Now a universal definition – § Romantic notion: Superman §

Normative roles – have effects q Liberal q Social democratic q Neoliberal q Participatory

1. Liberal role q 4 th estate § Or: status quo? q Watchdog (for

2. Social democratic role q Face citizen, rather than state q Educate, uplift, guide

3. Neoliberal role q Promote pluralism & represent diversity of political views (cf public

4. Participatory role q Reflect grassroots (cf civil society perspective) q Address audience as

jogb: testing 4 “ideal” roles q Give insight into complex & complementary contribution of

PART C: FIRST WORLD q. Density q Info-society q Corps & commercialisation q Personal

1. Density q Journalism dwarfed and colonized by other content. q Audiences fragmented. q

2. Info-society q Info access & equity are now the key democratic issue. q

3. Corps & commerce q Mega-corporations § Need 5 th estate (web? ) §

4. Personal material world q Me-culture q Global uneven ecology – centre is parochial,

Diagnosis q The four roles remain relevant, although also challenged and changed.

PART D: FOURTH WORLD q Much oppression by govts q No Info-overload q Marginal

Democratic challenge: q Liberal role alive ‘n kickin q Devt role being neglected §

Qualifying the roles q Neoliberal role can be questionable where: § Enables cultural imperialism

Other roles (& qualifications): q Soc-dem – but it has often been coopted and

Diagnosis q Four roles have relevance in Fourth World democracy q Somewhat different to

PART E: CONCLUSION q Normative ideals retain relevance, but different in First and Fourth

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GRAVE NEW WORLD: democratic journalism enters st the global 21 century http: //journ. ru. ac. za/staff/guy/ research/democracy/graveworld. htm

PART A: INTRO q Later course: § Globalisation impact on audience § Focus on consumption § Wide view of media & culture q This lecture: § Globalisation of journalism practice § Focus on production § Spotlight narrowly upon journalism

Coming up q A. Journalism – what is it? § Four normative roles for democracy q B. First world challenges q C. Fourth world challenges q D. Conclusion

PART B: JOURNALISM q Now a universal definition – § Romantic notion: Superman § Informative format § Democratic role q Reality? : § Paparazzi, celebs, “patriotism”, fluff & puff. § Rwanda radio, Moyo-moying the media. q Ans: see Journ as “normative ideal” § Don’t conflate with real media

Normative roles – have effects q Liberal q Social democratic q Neoliberal q Participatory - Analytically distinct - Practically blurred, compromised

1. Liberal role q 4 th estate § Or: status quo? q Watchdog (for the people)? § Or: guarddog (for the rich)? q ANS: both roles can happen. q ANS: journalism as an ideal–driven practice (despite cynicism) q ANS: don’t conflate jism with media institutions

2. Social democratic role q Face citizen, rather than state q Educate, uplift, guide q Again: can happen, may not happen

3. Neoliberal role q Promote pluralism & represent diversity of political views (cf public sphere perspective) q Be a fair referee – ethics of fairness q Sector as a whole: = forum q Explains some democratic journalism.

4. Participatory role q Reflect grassroots (cf civil society perspective) q Address audience as political actors, not spectators q Everyone is a journalist. q eg. community radio (ghetto-ized? )

jogb: testing 4 “ideal” roles q Give insight into complex & complementary contribution of journalism -> to media … -> to democracy. q On the ground = big differences between First and Fourth Worlds q Globalisation is not homogenised journalism … in practice, or ideals

PART C: FIRST WORLD q. Density q Info-society q Corps & commercialisation q Personal material world

1. Density q Journalism dwarfed and colonized by other content. q Audiences fragmented. q PR industry. q Lesser role and reduced significance for democracy?

2. Info-society q Info access & equity are now the key democratic issue. q Neoliberalism getting overdone: info overload. q Calls out for more Soc Dem – to guide the citizens

3. Corps & commerce q Mega-corporations § Need 5 th estate (web? ) § Need participatory journ q Decline of PBS § Need Soc-Dem to counter.

4. Personal material world q Me-culture q Global uneven ecology – centre is parochial, insular. q Need to expand: § Range of neoliberalism (incl 3 W) § Conscientising soc-dem journalism

Diagnosis q The four roles remain relevant, although also challenged and changed.

PART D: FOURTH WORLD q Much oppression by govts q No Info-overload q Marginal global market q Little commerce q Many collective struggles

Democratic challenge: q Liberal role alive ‘n kickin q Devt role being neglected § Baby ditched with bathwater § Calls for genuine socdemocratic journalism q Pluralism needs neoliberal role

Qualifying the roles q Neoliberal role can be questionable where: § Enables cultural imperialism (although this is not always antidemocratic) § Without soc-dem role, journalism does not reach the poor.

Other roles (& qualifications): q Soc-dem – but it has often been coopted and abused. q Participatory – by definition, democratic journalists need grassroots allies. q But their reach is still limited, so journalists have interest in deepening media density

Diagnosis q Four roles have relevance in Fourth World democracy q Somewhat different to First World challenges.

PART E: CONCLUSION q Normative ideals retain relevance, but different in First and Fourth Worlds. q Dodge the dollar and the despot’s diktat. q Keep global vision. q Do democratic service q Note tension between journalism-media.