GRAPHICS Topic Outline What is graphic Resolution Types

GRAPHICS

Topic Outline �What is graphic. �Resolution. �Types of graphics. �Using graphic in multimedia applications.

What is Graphic? �Pictures of people, places, artwork & photographs. �Diagram of buildings and equipment. �Charts and graphs, curves. �Backgrounds, 3 D photo.

Resolution �Refer to quality capability of a graphic output device (monitor) or input device (scanner). �Sometimes refer to the number of color that an image can display.

Color Resolution �Called depth (specifies the number of bits used in an image file to store color information). � 8 -bit , 28, 256 combination. � 8–bit system is called 256 -value system. � 8 -bit display also called as 256 -color display. �It use 8 bits( a byte) to display each dot of color (pixel). � 24 -bit display is 3 byte available to store color value. It display 16 million color value and known as true color.

Graphics in Multimedia Applications � Graphical images - used to add emphasis, direct attention, illustrate concepts, and provide background content

Types of Graphics � Two types of graphics: 1) Draw-type graphics or vector graphics – represent an image as a geometric shape 2) Bitmap graphics – represents the image as an array of dots, called pixels

Draw Type/Vector Graphics ◦ fail size smaller than bitmap ◦ Resize, rotate, no distortion � Image is stored as a set of mathematical equations. � Equations define curves, lines and shapes. � Based on drawing elements or objects.

Draw Type/Vector Graphics �Consist of line drawings include items such as lines, rectangles, ellipses, arcs, curves and etc. �Packages that allow to create vector graphics include : ◦ Corel. Draw. ◦ Macromedia Freehand. ◦ Adobe Illustrator.

Creation of Still Images (continued) Draw Type/Vector Graphics • Used in the following areas: o. Computer-aided design (CAD) programs o. Graphic artists designing for the print media o 3 -D animation programs o. Applications requiring drawing of graphic shapes

Bitmap Graphics �Bitmaps – array of dots or pixels ◦ Picture is stored as a set of pixels. �High quality pictures �Photo �Fail realistic size larger than vector graphic

Creation of Still Images (continued) Bitmap Graphics • Bitmap is derived from the words “bit, ” which means the simplest element in which only two digits are used, and “map, ” which is a two-dimensional matrix of these bits. • A bitmap is a data matrix describing the individual dots of an image.

Bitmap Graphics �Color Depth: Determine by how much data in bits is used to determine the number of colors. ◦ 1 bit (21)= 2 colors. ◦ 4 bit (24)= 16 colors. ◦ 8 bit (28)= 256 colors. ◦ 16 bit (216)= 65, 536 colors. ◦ 24 bit (224)= 16, 777, 216

Bitmap Graphics �Software to edit bitmapped graphics are ◦ Adobe Photoshop ◦ Windows Paintbrush ◦ Fractal Design Painter �Are images that are made up of a set of bits or pixels and can include images that come from a scanner, a photographs or images captured from a video camcorder or the

Creation of Still Images (continued) Bitmap Graphics 24 bits depth. Millions of colors. Dithered to 8 bits. Adaptive palette of 256 colors. Dithered to 4 bits. 16 colors. Available binary Combinations for Describing a Color Dithered to 8 -bit gray-scale. 256 shades of gray. Dithered to 4 -bit gray-scale. 16 shades of gray. Dithered to 1 -bit. Two colors, black and white.

Creation of Still Images Vector-drawn images (continued) versus bitmaps • Vector images use less memory space and have a smaller file size as compared to bitmaps. • For the Web, pages that use vector graphics in plug-ins download faster and, when used for animation, draw faster than bitmaps.

Creation of Still Images Vector-drawn images (continued) versus bitmaps • Vector images cannot be used for photorealistic images. • Vector images require a plug-in for Web-based display. • Bitmaps are not easily scalable and resizable.

More Graphics �Clip Art ◦ Libraries of clip art are available online �Digitized Pictures ◦ Pictures are transformed into bitmaps ◦ Can be still pictures or moving pictures

Graphic File & Image �Bitmap formats. �Vector format. �Compressed formats.

Graphic Image File Sizes �Image file sizes can become large, you must balance the need for quality images with the need for small file sizes

Bitmap Format �Common file for graphics. �The easiest files to import export across platforms. and

Vector Formats �Windows metafile is a common vector type image which is generated by processing vector commands by graphic functions in the window OS. �File formats include the type of file, sizing, number of objects and the data.

Compressed File Format �Compression file can be used to reduce the file size, to speed transmission for networked applications or store large numbers of images on CD, others.

Compressed File Format �Graphic Interchange Format (GIF). ◦ Developed by Compuserve for moving images and popular format in WWW. ◦ Limited to 256 colors. ◦ Include information about the file format, layout of the data, image characteristics (height, width), color depth, color table (palette) and the image data.

Compressed File Format �Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) ◦ Very high compression capability. ◦ Good for black and white images. ◦ Used extensively in publishing and fax applications.

Compressed File Format �Joint Photographic Experts Groups (JPEG and JPG). ◦ A 24 -bit color image in small size file. ◦ Used commonly in WWW.

Image Sizes �It refer to height and width of the images and measure in inch, cm, dot or others units. WIDTH HEIGHT

Image Sizes �It also determine the display form and time requirement to display on the screen. EX: 640 pixel x 480 pixel. 1280 pixel x 1024 pixel.

Using Graphic for Multimedia �Purpose : ◦ Images should be useful and meaningful to the application. ◦ Avoid images with little relation with the content. ◦ Don’t use many images in single display. �Quality : ◦ Careful with color depth especially for applications display on lower color capability. ◦ Aware with image size and avoid bright color.

Using Graphic for Multimedia �Cost : ◦ Copyright and ownership of graphics will determine who is to be paid.

Graphics Software �Drawing programs – used to create draw-type graphics. Example Adobe Illustrator �Paint programs – used to create bitmap images. Example Paint Shop Pro �Image editing programs – useful in making changes, or applying textures or patterns to existing images. Example Photoshop.

Graphic Image Sources �Alternative image sources ◦ Clip art ◦ Stock photographs ◦ Video images ◦ Still images ◦ Scanned images ◦ Photo CD’s ◦ Screen-capture programs

Image Sources and Input �Scanner : ◦ Have the ability to digitize an image opens up a world of graphic sources. ◦ Scan images, photo, newspaper articles, magazines pictures and etc. �Digital cameras : ◦ - Take a photo and download to pc and do editing straight away.

Image Sources and Input �The Web : ◦ WWW have a lot of source of images and content. ◦ Can be download and edited after request from the owner. �Clip Art : ◦ Include clip photo, video clips and animation clip. ◦ Corels Professional Photos CD-ROM series and Photodex’s Picture factory series, Meta. Creations and Photo Disc and etc.

Clip Art from Web �Art. Today (Zedcor) Professional Images http: //www. arttoday. com �http: //www. barrysclipart. com/ �http: //www. clipart. co. uk/index. shtml �http: //www. 1 clipart. com/ �http: //www. free-clip-art. com/