Graphics Cards and Monitors GRAPHICS CARDS l components

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Graphics Cards and Monitors

Graphics Cards and Monitors

GRAPHICS CARDS l components • • n video processor (and GPU) video RAM video

GRAPHICS CARDS l components • • n video processor (and GPU) video RAM video ROM BIOS video DAC (DVI adapters don’t) resolution and colors old: MDA, HGC, CGA, EGA, VGA (up to 640 x 480 pixels and 256 colors) è new: SVGA, UVGA, SXGA, etc (up to 2, 048 x 1536 pixels and 16 million colors) è

GRAPHICS CARDS l Connections to motherboard Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) è Advanced graphics port

GRAPHICS CARDS l Connections to motherboard Peripheral component interconnect (PCI) è Advanced graphics port (AGP) è PCI Express (PCIe) è l Depth and more From 2 D to 3 D è Direct. X è Open. GL è comparisons è

GRAPHICS CARDS Calculations • Colors (4 to 32 bits) – old: 16 = 2^4

GRAPHICS CARDS Calculations • Colors (4 to 32 bits) – old: 16 = 2^4 ; 256 = 2^8 – new: 32 K = 2^15; 64 K = 2^16; 16 million = 2^24; 4 billion = 2^32 • Resolution (pixels) – – 800 x 600 = 480, 000 1024 x 768 = 786, 432 1280 x 768 = 984, 040 1280 x 1024 = 1, 310, 720 • Video memory (examples) – 800 x 600, 256 colors = 480, 000 x 8 /1024 = 469 K – 1, 024 x 768, 64 K colors = 786, 432 x 16 / 8 /1024 = 1. 54 MB – 1, 280 x 1024, 4 billion = 1, 310, 720 x 32 / 8 /1024 = 5. 1 MB

MONITORS • Components (CRT) – electronic circuitry – power transformer – picture tube •

MONITORS • Components (CRT) – electronic circuitry – power transformer – picture tube • Specifications – vertical frequency: redraw frequency horizontal frequency: lines per second – display resolution vs. card resolution – screen size: different for CRT and LCD – connectors: analog and digital – Dot pitch

MONITORS • Components (LCD) – polarized glass – liquid crystals Each pixel (picture element)

MONITORS • Components (LCD) – polarized glass – liquid crystals Each pixel (picture element) consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters. – thin film transistors (TFT) • Specifications – active and passive matrix displays – native resolution, viewing angle, brightness or luminance, contrast ratio, response rate, and adjustability CRT vs. LCD

MONITORS Calculations • Monitor sizes in cm (horizontal) – 14 inches => 11 inches

MONITORS Calculations • Monitor sizes in cm (horizontal) – 14 inches => 11 inches = 27. 9 cm – 17 inches => 16 inches = 40. 6 cm – 19 inches => 17 inches = 43. 2 cm • Resolution and dot pitch – 1, 024 x 768 => 1, 024 x. 25 = 256. 7 mm = 25. 7 cm – 800 x 600 => 800 x. 25 = 200. 0 mm = 20 cm – 640 x 480 => 640 x. 25 = 179. 2 mm = 17. 9 cm • Dot pitch and pixel density –. 25 = 10, 000 pixels per in 2 –. 26 = 9, 025 pixels per in 2 –. 28 = 7, 656 pixels per in 2

Monitors Condition Variables and ReadersWriters Motivation for MonitorsMonitors Condition Variables and ReadersWriters Motivation for Monitors
GRAPHICS WORKSTATIONS AND VIEWING SYSTEMS Graphics monitors todayGRAPHICS WORKSTATIONS AND VIEWING SYSTEMS Graphics monitors today
Bibliography Cards and Note Cards Bibliography Cards YouBibliography Cards and Note Cards Bibliography Cards You
Source Cards Note Cards and Outlines Source cardsSource Cards Note Cards and Outlines Source cards
Source Cards and Note Cards SOURCE CARDS WhatSource Cards and Note Cards SOURCE CARDS What
Source Cards and Note Cards Source Cards ContainSource Cards and Note Cards Source Cards Contain