GRANITE KOTA STONE 12 04 2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

GRANITE & KOTA STONE 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 1

Kota Stone is a fine-grained variety of limestone, quarried at Kota district, Rajasthan, India. Many hundreds of mines are located in or near the town of Ramganj mandi and Kota district. Kota stones at Kota, Rajasthan. The rich greenish-blue and brown colours of this stone are most popular. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 2

KOTA BLUE Wide range of polished Kota Blue Limestone, Paving Slabs is recognized through its fine shade of bluish green that adds liveliness to the interiors. High durability and fine finish, the range of polished Blue Natural Kota Stone and Kota Blue Polished Limestone are offered to suit varying needs of flooring and cladding. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 3

KOTA BLUE POLISHED TILES KOTA BLUE NATURAL BRICKS 12 -04 -2017 KOTA BLUE TUMBLED TILES KOTA BLUE COVINGS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III KOTA BLUE FLOORING KOTA BLUE COBBLES 4

KOTA BROWN STONE wide range of Kota Brown Stone, Cobbles Stone, Tiles and Bricks are recognized through its fine shade of Yellow Green and Brown. Variation in shade is its inherent property. It adds liveliness to the interiors and has been used in various prestigious projects across Globe. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 5

Kota brown tumbled tiles Kota brown tiles 12 -04 -2017 Kota brown tumble cobbles Kota brown tumbled bricks Kota brown wall tiles BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 6

KOTA STONE COVINGS Kota Stone Covings are manufactured for pharmaceutical floorings. i. e. for avoiding dust accumulation and easy cleaning practice in pharmaceuticals flooring Corners gives rise to bacterial, fungal or insect growth. Kota Stone Covings are used in corners in such infrastructures where hygiene is given the foremost priority. It can be said technically that covings are used generally where clean room concepts are used. Mostly such clean room concepts are required in WHO-GMP certified pharmaceuticals, food industry, dairy industries, many other places where corners of floorings are avoided for dust accumulation. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 7

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Physical Properties of Kota Stone are Quite impervious, Hard, Compact, fine to very fine grained calcareous rocks of sedimentary nature. Compressive Strength 21. 75 kg/sq. mm 21. 94 Kg/ sq. mm Abrasion Resistance 18. 12 (Abrasion value) Oil Absorption Nil Water Absorption 0. 31 % 0. 32 % Moh Hardness No. will scratch -3 Calcite will not Scratch- 2. 1/2 Galena Density 2. 5 to 2. 65 Kg/m 3 Porosity Quite Low Weather Impact Resistant 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 8

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES chemically, both Kota Stone are siliceo us calcium carbonate rocks 12 -04 -2017 Lime (CAO) 38 -42% Cilica(Si. O 2) 20 -25% Alumina (Al 2 O 3) 2 -4% Other Oxides like Na, Mg 1. 5 to 2. 5% Loss On Ignition (LOI) 30 -32% BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 9

KOTA STONE FLOORING Kota Stone is a limestone and famous for its low price and beautiful colors. People like Kota stones due to its charming appearance and long life. Kota stone has unique properties that make it 1 st choice for builders. This is available in size of 600 × 600 mm which after dressing becomes of size 500 × 500 mm and thickness 25 -40 mm. Flooring is done in same manner as in tiles flooring except bed is made in 1: 4 ratio and bed thickness of 40 mm. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 10

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR KOTA STONE 1. Kota Stone Flooring 1. Stone Slabs The slab shall be of selected quality, hard, sound, dense and homogeneous in texture, free from cracks, decay, weathering and flaws. They shall be hand or machine cut to the requisite thickness as indicated and they shall be of uniform colour. The slabs shall have the top (exposed) face polished before being brought to site. Before starting the work, Contractor shall get the sample of slabs approved by the Engineer-in-Charge. 2. Dressing of Slabs Every slab shall be cut to the required size and shape and fine chisel dressed on the sides to the full depth so that a straight edge laid along the side of the stone shall be in full contact with it. The sides (edges) shall be table rubbed with coarse sand or machine rubbed before paving. All angles and edges of the slabs shall be true, square and free from chippings and the surface shall be true and plane. For staircase treads, single piece slab to full length and width of treads shall be provided. The nosing shall be rounded off and three parallel grooves ten by ten (10 mm x 10 mm) immediately behind the nosing edge shall be provided to avoid skidding. Square or circular holes shall be made carefully to accommodate M. S. Baluster in position. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 11

3. Preparation of Surface and Laying 1. Sub-grade concrete or the RCC slab on which the slabs are to be laid shall be cleaned, wetted and mopped. The bedding for the slabs shall be with cement mortar and the thickness as indicated. 2. The slabs shall be laid in the following manner: - Mortar of the specified mix shall be spread under the area of each slab, roughly to the average thickness as indicated. The slab shall be washed and cleaned before laying. It shall be laid on top, pressed, tapped with wooden mallet and brought to level with the adjoining slabs. It shall be lifted and laid aside. The top surface of the mortar shall then be corrected by adding fresh mortar at hollows. The mortar is allowed to harden a bit and cement slurry of honey like consistency shall be spread over the same at the rate of 4 kg of cement per square metre. The slab to be paved shall be lowered gently back in position bedded in level. Subsequent slabs shall be laid in the same manner and joints between adjacent slabs shall be as thin as possible and run in straight line. After each slab has been laid, surplus cement grout coming out of the joints of the slabs shall be cleaned off. The surface of the flooring as laid shall be true to levels, lines and shapes as instructed by the Engineer-in-Charge. 3. Slabs which are fixed in the floor adjoining the wall shall enter not less than twelve (12) mm under the plaster skirting or dado. The junction between wall plaster and the floor shall be finished neatly and without waviness. . 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 12

1. 3. 4 Curing, Polishing and Finishing 1. The floor shall be kept wet for a minimum period of seven (7) days. The surface shall thereafter be ground evenly with machine fitted with fine grade blocks. The final grinding with machine fitted with the finest grade grit blocks shall be carried out the day after the first grinding described above or before handing over the floor, as ordered by the Engineer-in-Charge. 2. For small areas or where circumstances so require, hand polishing may be permitted in lieu of machine polishing after laying. For hand polishing the following Carborundum stones shall be used. 1 st grinding - Medium Grade Stone Final Grinding - Fine Grade 3. In all other respects, the process shall be similar as for machine polishing. 4. After the final polish, oxalic acid shall be dusted over the surface at the rates of thirty three (33) gms. per square metre sprinkled with water and rubbed hard with pad of wooden rags. The following day the floor shall be wiped with a moist rag and dried with a soft cloth and finished clean 5. If any slab is disturbed or damaged, it shall be refitted or replaced, properly jointed and polished. The finished floor shall not sound hollow when tapped with wooden mallet. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 13

Advantages/Benefits of using Kota stone flooring: Kota stone flooring is a fine, combine of magnificence and luxury giving used in the interior and exterior to enhance the look of the building. Kota stone is hard, tough, oil resistant, and non-water absorbent, non-slippery and have excellent stone resolvability. They are available in slabs and tiles form and can be set in any pattern of flooring. Kota stone can be finished in various ways according to requirement such as Natural Cleft both faces, one side Honed, Both sides Honed, Hand Cut/Machine Cut/ Polished, Mirror Finish and Calibrated etc. Kota Stone is available in natural shades and it can be cut in to any size and shape as per the requirement. Honey shade 12 -04 -2017 blue/green shade brown shade BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 14

It is an excellent building stone for humid regions and freezing regions, and it is non-porous and non-observant to water. Kota stone floors are heavy and they are set on strong base of base coat. Kota Stone is the ideal flooring material in the building and out side the building to impart a stronger and luxurious look to the floors Ideal Kota Stone Flooring for Lobby/Corridors Minimal kota stone design is getting attention on stairs 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 15

It is the cheapest stones among the other natural stones. Kota stone are available in different sizes slab/ tiles of 30 x 30, 40 x 40, 30 x 60, 40 x 60, 60 x 60, 50 x 50, 55 x 55, and 60 x 90 centimeters. Porch/Sitting area floor is made of Kota Stone 12 -04 -2017 Cheap and durable Kota Stone Flooring for exterior flooring BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 16

Disadvantages It is not available in big slab sizes like marble or granite. Kota is a variety of limestone which is very fragile hence it is available in smaller sizes. Continuous usage of Kota stone might result in flaking. However if it is well maintained and polished regularly flaking of the stone might be prevented. Its surface finish is not so lustrous as marble or granite. 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 17

THANK YOU 12 -04 -2017 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS III 18